当有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since 接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用 现在完成时 (不能与确定的时间)
• I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。 (现在仍住这儿)
I have finished my homework. I have not finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
She has been to Europe. She hasn’t been to Europe. Has she been to Europe? Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t.
注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引 导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。
（误）I have left for 5 years. (正)I have been away for 5 years.
短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是 他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.
含义及用法：
2. 表示一个从过去开始，一直持 续到现在的动作或状态。
通常和for或since引导的时间状语 连用。 注1):要使用延续性动词
（1）for + 一段时间
I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years. She has worked for 10 hours.
字母后+-ed 。
drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表（p104）
二 含义及用法：
1 表示过去发生的动作或做过的 事情对现在的影响和产生的结果
常用的关键词
yet(否/疑), already 已经
ever/never
曾经/从来不
just
刚刚
before
以前
recently, lately
动词过去分词 (pp)变化规则
1. 规则动词：与过去时变化相同。 (1) 一般+-ed
work---worked---worked (2) 以“ e ”结尾, + - d 。
live---lived ---lived (3) “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，y 变 i, + -ed。
cry---cried---cried (4) 重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写辅音
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Have you had breakfast already？ (表示强调)
(2) yet
否定句:句末 “还(没)” I haven’t had breakfast yet.
疑问句: 句末 “己经” Have you had breakfast yet?
• I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。 (现在不住这儿了)
• He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现 在已拥有这房子)
• He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了 一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
注2)：对for或since引导的时间 状语提问用how long
I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?
w long has she stood here?
e.g. It is five years since I joined the army.
=Five years has passed since I joined the army.
五 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时: 强调这一动作产生的结果对现 在的影响或结果，与现在有关。 一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生 过这一动作，与现在无关。
时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时 间连用。 但它的否定式可以跟段时间
状语连用.
• Tom has left Beijing .
• He has borrowed a pen from me.
• Tom hasn’t left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.
他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years.
（说明他还会继续学下去）
他曾学过五年英语。
He studied English for five years.
（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）
一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明 显的时间状语。
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过 去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 (表过去的时 间)
for two days.
Key words
yet
A: __H_a_s__ your brother __b_o_u_g_h_t __ a new
watch? (buy ) B: Not yet.
Key words
yet ever
A: _H_a_v_e___ you ever __b_e_e_n__ to the
park? ( be )
B: Yes, I have.
Key words
yet ever never
I __h_a_v_e_ never __h_e_a_r_d of anything like
that. (hear )
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
leave--be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
come/go (to) --be (in/at) start/begin-- be on
arrive (at/in)--be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at)
• Have you met him before? • 你以前见过他吗？ • My brother met her in the street two
days ago. • 我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。 • I have just had breakfast. • 我刚吃过早餐。 • She had breakfast just now. • 她刚吃了早餐。
(6) before 用于句末, 表示“以前”
I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?
② before与ago，just与just
now
before表示在过去某时间的“以前” ，常单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与 表示一段时间的词语连用，而ago表示现 在看来的“以前” ，常用“一段时间 +ago”的形式，与过去时连用；just常与 现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词之 后修饰谓语动词，just now多与一般过去 时连用，一般用于句末。如：
He has ever made meal. He has never made meal.
带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时 可用“No, never.”
Have they ever travelled by train?
No, never.
(5) just 用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?
close-- be closed
reach-- be (in/at)
open-- be open
buy-- have
return-- be back
borrow-- keep
marry-- be married
finish-- be over
become-- be
注4）：非延续性动词用于现在完成
Exercises
have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in
1. Bill __h_a_s_g_o_n__e_t_o_London , he will come back tomorrow. 2. A: Where are the twins? B: They _h_a_v_e_g__o_n_e_t_o_the cinema. 3. I ___h_a_v_e__b_e_e_n_t_o__Paris twice. He has never been there. 4. A: Have you ever _b_e_e_n__t_o__America ? B: No , never . 5. A: How long have you _b_e_e_n__in__China ? B: For one year. 6. He left for England two days ago. He _h_a_s__b_e_e_n___there
(3) ever 肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”
I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?
(4) never
否定句: 句中 “从来没有” I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 将 ever变never
have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回 来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；