河南专升本网 真诚·用心服务考生专升本英语语法复习（雨姐破译）时态一．一般现在时一般 + s; 在以 ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后 + es (teaches, goes, washes, fixes,guesses); 在以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词后，变 y 为 i 后再加-es (studies, tries) 1. 表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 every day, once a week, often, always, usually,sometimes, seldom 等时间状语连用：-We go there twice a month.-Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and servicesthat an organization required for its operations. (d. required - requires)2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等：-He has great concern for others.-Matter exists in three states.3. 表示客观事物或普遍真理：-Light travels faster than sound.-Japan lies to the east of China.4. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作：-The plane takes off at five.5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作（when, after, before, as soon as, until; if, unless):-If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match.-A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloomwhen rain will come. (will come - comes)二．现在进行时study-studying; come-coming; sit-sitting (forget-forgetting); die-dying通常不能用于现在进行时的常见动词如下：see, hear, smell, taste, know, find, forget, notice, suggest, be, love,like, want, hope, wish, prefer, hate, understand, remember, believe, have, consist, seem.1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作：-The students are running to the sports-field.2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定在进行：-He is writing a novel this year.3. 可表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于 go, come, leave, start 等动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如tomorrow, tonight, this coming Friday 等，表示安排或计划好的事情：-Those visitors are leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.4. 用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩：-The boy who is sitting beside me is always asking me a lot of whys andhows.-He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open windowlast night.三．现在完成时1.表示动作现在刚完成：-His son has finished his homework.2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响：-It's so cold in here. Who has broken the window?本资料来源于互联网上，版权归作者所有，仅供考生参考学习，请自觉在下载 24 小时内删除。
第 1 页共 19 页河南专升本网 真诚·用心服务考生3. 过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在（这时常和 since 或 for 短语连用）-Li has studied English for twenty years.-Collecting dolls as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the pastfifty years.b[注] 1.副词用：just, before, already, often, never, ever, always, not...yet 或now, today, this week 等；不用过去的时间状语。
2.-His grandmother ______ for thirty years.a. diedb. had diedc. has been deadd. has died-He has been in the army for two years. (不能说 He has joined the army for ...)-I a college student for more than a year.a. becameb. have becomec. wasd. have been-It is three years since he sent to the U.S.(不能说 He has gone to the U.S. for three years.)四．一般过去时时间状语有: yesterday, ago, in 1978, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等，以及由 when 等引导的句子。
1. 表示某一确定的过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态：-Oberlin College awards degrees to both sexes in 1837, but coeducaion in Americanacolleges did not spread until the second half of the century. (awards - awarded)2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常发生或习惯的动作：-From 1910 to 1927 Corra Harris ______ out an average of a novel a year.a. has broughtb. were bringingc. had broughtd. brought3. used to:-We used to get up at five every morning when we were in the countryside. 五．过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行的动作或正发生的历史事件。
-Bill said that he ______ his homework at half past seven yesterdayevening.a. didb. was doingc. is going to dod. has done六．过去完成时1．结束性动作--即“已完成”，表示在过去某一时间之前就已完成了的动作。
常有 by, before, until, as soon as, when, because 等引导的短语或从句，表示过去的时间。
-By the end of last year, he had learned about 1,000 words.Preposition (G)1. in, on, at yesterday morning in the morning tomorrow morning yesterday afternoon in the afternoon tomorrow afternoon yesterday eveningin the evening tomorrow eveningthis morningthis afternoon at dawn this evening at noon at nightBefore 'day' we use 'on': on Sunday (Monday..) on Sunday morningon Oct. 1 on the afternoon of Oct. 1on May Day on the morning of May Day本资料来源于互联网上，版权归作者所有，仅供考生参考学习，请自觉在下载 24 小时内删除。
第 2 页共 19 页河南专升本网 真诚·用心服务考生on National Day on the evening of National Day on Christmas on Christmas eveon a cold winter morning, on a hot June afternoon, etc. In the concept of space: arrive in New York; arrive at the stationin London, Tokyo, etc. but at the bus stop2. over on above 超过（或低于）某高度、标准。
under beneath below e.g. above the sea level (海拔)直上，直下（接触表面的）上下below O degree3. except 1. They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman.2. He rarely went anywhere except to his office.3. The windows were never opened except to air the room for a few minutesin the morning.besides Besides English, he has to study German and French.except for 1. The room was bare of furniture except for a few chairs.2. The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.except that (when, after, etc.)1. This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long.2. It's a satisfactory hat, except that it doesn't fit me.3. Mr. Smith used to go fishing every weekend except when he was ill.1. The art exhibition was well designed, the disarrangement of a fewpieces of photos.a. exceptb. besidesc. except ford. in addition to2. She hurried when she knew that everybody was ready ______ her.a. exceptb. except forc. besided. besides3. ______ being used in industry, laser can be applied to operations in the hospital.a. Except forb. Except thatc. In addition tod. Beside4. ______ coal, the most important natural fuels are gas and oil.a. Except forb. Exceptc. Besidesd. Beside(Apart from)5. At the far side of the yard there was a kitchen garden (菜园), and ______ that was the orchard (果园). (再过去是果园)a. apart fromb. exceptc. except ford. beyond6. The compositions by the freshmen class are well-written ______ a fewerrors in spelling and grammar.a. unlessb. except thatc. except ford. besides1. Uncountable nouns:Nouns (G)advice, anger, applause, baggage (luggage), cake, chalk, chocolate, cloth, clothing, bread, damage, equipment, evidence, food, fruit, furniture, gold, homework, housework, information, ink, jewellery,knowledge, machinery, mail(邮件), money, music, news, paper, personnel, postage (邮资，邮费), protection, rice (salt, sugar, tea), scenery, soap,sugar, toothpaste, traffic, transportation, weaponry, weather, work.2. 有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，其含义会发生变化。