18. Ex Point of Origin（陈旧术语）产地交货
19. compliance n. 顺从, 遵从 20. Miami n. [美国南部港市]迈阿密
单元注释
1. International Chamber of Commerce （ICC）国际商会 2. INCOTERM 2000 国际贸易术语解释 2000通则 3. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Of Goods 联合国国际货物销售合同公 约
If you're involved in international business, they should be part of your daily vocabulary. But mention "Incoterms" to a colleague or acquaintance and the response you're likely to get is "Inco-WHATS?" Unfortunately, the Incoterms—a set of internationally recognized terms of sale-are not as well known or widely used in North America as they should be, considering the benefits they offer to companies engaged in world trade.
Business English Reading Courseware
Book One
Chapter 4
Abstracts from articles on the Main Practices Relating to International Trade
国际贸易惯例文摘
made by Wang Jianna
4. Carriage and Insurance Paid (CIP) 贸易术语，运费保险费已付至目的地 5. Carriage Paid To (CPT) 贸易术语，运 费付至目的地 6. Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) 《统一商法典》 在总结所有商业制定法的 基础上，从理论上对其加以改善，它取代 了关于买卖、票据、批发、仓单、提单和 担保交易等旧的法律。
10. nolumnist n. 专栏作家
12. alongside adv. 在旁边
13. ABN （abbr.） airborne a. 空运的
14. tutorial n. 指南, 教程, 辅导班 15. irrevocable a. 不可撤销的
16. confirm v. 确认 17. receipt n. 收据
7. Pty. Ltd. 一般指私人有限公司，不是上 市公司的公司，在澳洲其名称全以这样的形 式结尾。这种公司没有注册资金的要求。 8. Aussie Products 澳洲土特产。aussi是 “Australian”的简称，有时也指澳大利亚 人，澳大利亚土著居民。
Step One



First, read Material One under teacher’s instructions. Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading. Finally, teacher checks the answers and gives explanations.
To make them even more accessible, the Incoterms-for the first time-will be translated into 20 languages, in addition to the official English. Incoterms 2000 also tries to instill clarity by defining the meaning and usage of such terms as "shipper" and "customs clearance," a feature that was absent from earlier versions. Another improvement is that the authors used the same expressions that appeared in the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.
Step Two


Students read Material Two themselves firstly. Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.
vocabulary
1. scenarios n. 情节, 情况
Clarification and accessibility, Reynolds says, are the hallmarks of this year's revision. "There is a greater consistency in language ... For example, we tried to use the same words rather than similar ones ... while taking into account linguistic differences in British and American English that could affect the meaning," he notes. The writing style is simpler and more straightforward than in previous versions. These improvements are designed to make the terms more easily understood worldwide.
They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations regardless of differences in language and local business practices. Because the business of international trade is ever changing, the ICC updates and amends the Incoterms whenever necessary.
That harmonizes the two most important standards for international contracts and establishes a clear relationship between the Incoterms and U.N. approved practices.
The Incoterms were created in 1936 by the Paris-based International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Today, they continue to facilitate international trade by providing voluntary rules for interpreting the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers under international sales contracts. The Incoterms represent 13 different international trade scenarios. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export licenses, customs clearance, insurance, inspections, and other obligations.
主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细 节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题， 叫做归纳写作法，主题句往往位于末段。这 一类文章的主题句也很明显，不难找到。 在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在 文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证， 在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写 作方式也很常见。值得注意的是，前后两个 主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句 往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
单元教学目的
通过阅读定位文章主旨。

本章阅读技巧提示

如何阅读定位文章主旨？ 解题时，我们通常采用浏览的方式， 仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句（包括每 一段的首尾句），重点搜索主题线索和脉 络。下面阐述五种主题呈现的方式: 主题句 出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之 用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。这 种写作手法叫做演绎法，在英语文章中尤 为常见，这种文章的主题句最容易找到， 故主题思想显而易见。