名词性从句讲解（2 ）应城市第三高级中学刘琪一．表语从句：在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。
1.that 引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。
2.联系动词可为be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
3.主语可为名词fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等，代词this,that,these,it等。
4.whether 引导表语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.That’s just what I want.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.China is not what it used to be.The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us。
【注意】1.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
3.That is why…译为“这就是……的原因”。
其中why引导的名词性从句在句中做表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。
That is why you see this woman before you know.That is why I came.区别：①That is why ……与That is the reason why …同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，前者中的why引导表语从句，后者中的why引导定语从句。
That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.②That is because …句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此做表语，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。
That is because …指原因或理由。
That is why … 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 二．同位语从句：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.（一）理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.（二）正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。
（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。
（if不能引导同位语从句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.5.表示“命令、要求、建议”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。
如：They mainly discussed the suggestion that a big dam (should) be built there。
（三）把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。
同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分.区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,tru th,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词.如:We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.His mother did all she could to help him with his study.2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
如:The news that our team has won the game was true.The news that he told me yesterday was true.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句That question whether we need it has not been considered.I have no idea what has happened to him.引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略.that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.The report that he was going to resign was false.1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. as巩固性练习：1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which2. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. when3. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. whichB. thatC./D. it4. I have no idea ____ he will start.A. whenB. thatC. whatD./5. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won'tbe held tomorrow.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which6. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. whichB. whetherC. thatD. what7. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____he would die of the disease.A. thatB. asC. of whichD. which8. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. when9. ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A What; why B.That; what C. What; because D.Why; that10. The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that11. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whetherD. It; whether12. ________ surprised me most was ________.A. That,that she spoke Japanese so wellB. What,how could she speak Japanese so wellC. What,that she spoke Japanese so wellD. That,why she could speak Japanese so well13.She took it for granted ________ I'd be back home an hour ago.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. when14.We thought _______ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what15. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk inthe park.A.we goB.we will goC.should we goD.that we go16. The true value of life is not in ________, but ________.A. how you get,that you giveB. which you got, what you giveC. what you get,what you giveD. what do you get,what do you give17.We think it possible ________ the local government will be able tosolve the housing problem.A. forB. thatC. whenD. how18.His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC.the fact thatD.the fact19..When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ______ .A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering20.It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that21.It is still under discussion __________the old bus station shouldbe replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whetherB. whenC.which D. where22. When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to servein the army.A. sinceB. whichC.that D. because。