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高中过去分词的用法总结(课堂PPT)

1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其 所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰 的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但 较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。
(2) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长 得很快。( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件 状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
虽然被对方打败,但队员们没有泄气。
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表示伴随:
The professor sat there, surrounded by a lot of students.
教授坐在那里,许多学生围着他。 He came back,utterly exhausted.
他回来时疲惫不堪。
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过去分词作宾语补足语
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
(3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾 语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
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(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补 有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的 钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了) 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语 所经历。如: (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断 了。 (自己的经历)
由于干重活疲劳至极,他很快就 睡着了。
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表示条件: Given more time,we would certainly
have finished the job much better. —If we had been given more time,we
would certainly have finished the job much better
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“with +宾语+过去分词”结构
“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的 宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因 等状语。例如: (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们 就会看到水蒸气。(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决, 我们都回家了。(表原因) (4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她 站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。 (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着 手站了一会儿。
要是我们有更多的时间,我们Fra bibliotek定会把工作完成得更好些。
Beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged.
=Though they were beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged.
(1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语 是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作 的完成。
(2) He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近 被动结构。
(3) The city is surrounded on three sides by
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3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它 来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
定语,3M与know之间是被动关系,故用过
去分词表示被动。
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高考链接
2. The disc, digitally ___A_____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
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高考链接
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota
Manufacturing and Mining Company, ___B___ as 3M.
2. A. knowing
B. known
3. C. being known
D. to be
解kn析ow:n答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置
When told to go to the teachers’ office,the girl began to cry.
当被告知去老师办公室时,这女孩 开始哭起来。
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表示原因:
Tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleep.
—Since he was tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleep.
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表示时间
Seen from the top of the hill,our city looks surrounded in the fog.
=When it is seen from the top of the hill,our city looks surrounded in the fog.
4. 过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句 前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可 放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪 盈眶。
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题。 (given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语 为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时。)
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮。 (seen 为过去分词作状语,表“被看”,由 语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不 是“我们”,因为“我们”应主动看城市。)
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三 类:
1. 表 示 感 觉 或 心 理 状 态 的 动 词 。 如 : see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(过去分词 sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)
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【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时 还可保留连词,有时为了强调时间概念,过去 分词之前可用表示时间的连词,构成“连词+ 过去分词”结构作状语,如when,while等。 例如: When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保 持镇定。
过去分词的用法
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现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行 过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成
一般式
现在分词 形式
doing
过去分词 形式
done
完成式 having done having been done
分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足 语和状语。
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过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是 被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动, 又表示完成。
从山顶上看,我们的城市看起来像 被雾气笼罩了。
Once published,the dictionary will be very popular.
=Once it is published,the dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。 11
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之 中,所以他没听到那个声音。
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2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语, 此时应注意人称一致。
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
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【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分 词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则 表示动作。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister
yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态, 表示动作)
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