The reason is that I stayed up
last night.
句子
I like I like swimming
宾语
是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词 的短语后都必须带宾语。
I like apples. 名词 He gave me a book.
代词 名短
He likes to play basketball 不定式
I have a friend in America. 地点介短 I liked reading story books when I
was a child. 句子 2. Jane is going home from school. 3. The man is wearing a black jacket. 4. The text is very difficult. 5. I saw him reading in the sun. 6. She put the dishes on the table.
The weather gets cold. Kunming becomes beautiful.
2. 主语 + 谓语 (vi.)
He arrived. He arrived yesterday. He came back.
3. 主语 + 谓语（vt./vi+介词) + 宾语
I like apples. She often listens to music . He arrived at Kunming yesterday
名词或短语
名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动 词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫 主语从句
Monkey eats bananas. It is my book. One and (plus) one is two. Hard working leads to success. To finish homework is a must to student. What makes the teacher angry is that he is talking in class again.
4. 主语 + 谓语(vt.) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
He gave me a book. The old man told us a story. Mother bought me a new watch.
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
He encouraged me to study hard. She saw the boy singing in classroom Tom asked Lily to help him.
our school.
五种基本句型
1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语 2. 主语 + 谓语 3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语
He is an English teacher.
英语语法专题
句子成分和基本 句型
实词
名 词 (n) 代 词(pron) 数 词(num) 形容词(adj) 副词(adv)
动词(v)
虚词
冠 词(art) 介 词(prep) 连词(conj) 感叹词(int)
• 名词、形容词、数词、代词、动 词、副词在句中独立承担成分， 我们称之为实词。
• 介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独 立担任部分，只起辅助的作用， 我们称之为虚词。
He is an English teacher.
The weather gets cold.
表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连
系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、
数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从
句等
He is an English teacher.
名词或短语
The weather gets cold. 形容词 Kunming becomes beautiful.
7. We found the exercise easy. 8. Though it was raining heavily, we still
went to school. 9. To learn English well is important. 10. He lent me the bike. 11. We go to Britain once a year. 12. Look at the blackboard.
We think predicting the future is hard. 句子
宾语补足语（宾补）
• 有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须 加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。
• He always makes us _h_a_pp_y_.
定语
修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有 名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、介 词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词 作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放 在名词后
Mr. Green Mr. Green died yesterday.
谓语
说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什 么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词短 语构成 .
He arrived. 不及物动词
I like apples. 及物动词
it gets cold 系表结构
系动词(额外补充)
亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它 本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟 表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语 的状况、性质、特征等情况。
• 13. The man with a smile is my teacher. • 14. The food on the plate went bad. • 16. His job is to protect the innocent. • 17. You mustn’t go out now. • 18. I used to go to work on foot. • 19. My sister looks beautiful. • 20. There are many women teachers in
What a lovely day! 形容词 I have a lot of work to do. 动词不定式
This ia a swimming pool. 动词-ing
There are two butterflies. 数词
I know the girl under the tree. 介词短语
I know the girl who is sitting under
the tree.
从句
状语
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状 语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方 式、程度、目的、结果等。 可用作状语的有副词、 不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：
He arrived yesterday. 时间副词
句子的成分
died. My cat died.
主语
句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是 谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中， 在句末。
He was born in a small village.
代词
Kunming becomes beautiful.
名词
The old man told us a story.
巩固练习：
• 判断下列句子属于哪种句型 • 1.They work hard. • 2.The flower is dead. • 3.Plants need water. • 4.He gives me some seeds.
• 5. The cake tastes delicious. • 6. Classes begin at eight every day. • 7. They haven’t decided where to go next. • 8. Jim cannot dress himself. • 9. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. • 10. Shall I call you a taxi?