中北大学化工与环境学院生物工程专业
Molecular Biology
(分子生物学)
主讲: 张志军 博士、博导、副教授
埃博拉病毒
截至2014年8月26日，埃博拉已在塞拉利昂、利比亚和几 内亚造成1427人死亡。
2014年8月9日，中国宣布已掌握埃博拉病毒抗体基因， 同时具备对埃博拉病毒进行及时检测的诊断试剂研发能 力，这让世界为之惊喜。
– Cilia and flagella (纤毛和鞭毛 ) are also composed of microtubules complexed with dynein and nexin（动 力蛋白和连接蛋白 ）.
• Nucleoproteins
– Bacterial 70S ribosomes: 50S larger subunit (23S and 5S RNA + 31 proteins)+30S small subunit (16S RNA + 21 proteins)
• Organelle isolation
Nuclei
Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Microbodies: lysosome
1.3 Macromolecules
• Proteins • Nucleic acids • Polysaccharides • Lipids • Complex macromolecules
– Glycerides (甘油酯), phospholipids(磷脂)，sphingolipids （鞘脂，如神经氨酰）
• Complex macromolecules
– Nucleoproteins(核蛋白), ribozyme（核糖体） – Glycoproteins – Proteoglycans (mucoproteins)蛋白多糖（粘蛋白） – Lipid-linked proteins – glycolipids
1.1 Cellular classification
• Prokaryotes： – Eubacteria (真细菌) – Acchaea(古细菌)
• Eukaryotes： – Plants – Animals – Fungi – Protist(原生生物)
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Proteins
– polymers of amino acids, peptide bonds
• Nucleic acids
– DNA and RNA, polymers of nucleotides, – mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
• Polysaccharides
– Polymers of simple sugars, glycoside bonds – They functions mainly as nutritional sugar stores and as
Schematic of a prokaryotic cell
Schematic of a eukaryotic cell
Differentiation (分化)
1.2 Subcellular organelles (亚细胞器)
• Nuclei nucleoli（核仁）, nucleus • Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Endoplasmic reticulum • Microbodies
社 2007-11-1 • Robert F. Weaver Molecular biology 2004. （Third edition）
分子生物学学习方法及注意问题
专心听讲 做好笔记 认真思考 学会归纳 注意纪律 预习复习
课程主要内容
章节名称
理论（学时）实验（学时）
1 Cells and macromolecules
2
9 Technology of molecular biology
4
16
合计
48
16
1. Cells and macromolecules
1.1 Cellular n 1.2 Subcellular organelles 1.3 Macromolecules 1.4 Large macromolecular assemblies
主要参考教材
• PC Turner et al. Instant Notes in Molecular Biology (Second edition). BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited, 2000
• 分子生物学(第三版)导读版(精要速览系列) • 朱玉贤，李毅，郑晓峰编著。现代分子生物学（第3版） 高等教育出版
structural material. – Cellulose, starch, chitin, mucopolysaccharides(黏多糖)
• Lipids
– Key components of membranes, protective coats and other structures.
– Eukayotic 80S ribosomes: 60S larger subunit (28S, 5.8S and 5S RNAs + 31 proteins)+40S small subunits (18S RNA)
1.4 Large macromolecular assemblies
• Protein complexes
– Cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
– These organize the shape and movement of cells and subcellular organelles.
2
2 Nucleic acid and Chromosome
4
3 DNA replication
6
4 DNA damage, repair and recombination
6
5 Transcription
14
6 Protein synthesis
8
7 Viruses
2
8 Tumor and oncogenes