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初中英语名词单复数教案

名词单复数教案名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词:可以用来计数的名词,有单数和复数形式,如:desk-desks, apple-apples等不可数名词:不可以直接用来计数的名词,没有复数形式,只有单数形式,如:some bread, a little milk等一、可数名词1. 可数名词复数的规则变化1)一般名词变复数在其后面加s,如map→maps (地图)2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es,如bus→buses(公共汽车),watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盘子)3)A.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如baby→babies(婴儿)B.以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴),holiday→holidays(假期),storey→storeys(楼层);注意:以y结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加s,如:two Marys, the Henrys4)以o 结尾的名词变复数时:A. 表示无生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(钢琴), r adio→radios(收音机),zoo→zoos(动物园)B. 表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆),tomato→tomatoes(西红柿)巧记:英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。

特殊:zero→zeros / zeroes。

5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:A. 变f,fe 为v,再加es,如half→halves(一半),knife→knives(刀子),wife→wives(妻子),life→lives (生命)巧记:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。

B. 加s的名词有:belief→beliefs(信念),roof→roofs (屋顶)特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

Practice:1. They come from different ______A. countryB. countriesC. a countryD. countrys2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomatoD. the tomato3. There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes4. _______ are good for our health.A. TomatosB. TomatoesC. Tomato5. I like to eat cake with ______.A. cherriesB. cherryC.cherrys6. ______ and ______ are not friends.A. Foxs…wolfsB. Foxes…wolfsC. Foxes…wolves2.可数名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---womengoose---geese(鹅)注意:1)由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,因为German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;由man 或 woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词需要同时变为复数形式,如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors 2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,jin,yuan,mu等。

除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式。

如:two dollars, two pounds。

3)表示“某国人”的复数变化规则巧记:中日瑞士都不变,英法变,其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Swiss→Swiss;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians4)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词保留单数形式, 要用连字符连接,例如:two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划Practice:1. They are______.A . woman teachers B. women teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher2. Would you like _______ ,please?A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters3. Most of ______ live in _______.A. Germans, GermanB. German, GermenC. Germen, GermanyD. Germans, Germany4. These are the ______ of our national ______.A. photos … heroesB. photoes … heroesC. photos … heros5. The ______ are running on the ______.A. deer … grassesB. deers … grassC. deer … grass6. I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A. bowls of noodleB. bowls of noodlesC. bowl of noodles要注意的问题:1)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

例如:people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,后面谓语动词用复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle3)只有复数形式的名词 trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales 天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子。

traffic lights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动),做主语时,谓语动词用复数4)the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人,如: The Greens like playing tennis.5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

6)名词所有格1)一般情况下,单数名词的所有格是在词尾直接加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包;复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如men's room 男厕所;若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' desks 工人的桌子。

2)表示两人或多人共同拥有某物时,只需在最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词词尾都需加’sJohn's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)3) 表示时间,距离,国家,团体等无生命的东西的名词,也可+’s ,如,nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work4) 有些名词所有格表示诊所,家,店铺如,at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s5) 无生命的名词所有格一般用of构成如,a map of China the name of the cityPractice:1. ______ like ______ by air.A. Greens, travellingB. The Green, travelingC. The Greens, travelD. The Greens, traveling2. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A. the peopleB. peopleC. peoplesD. the peoples3. There is no ______ in the plate.A. applesB. orangesC. riceD. eggs二、不可数名词1)常见的不可数名词:a dvice, hair, homework, work,information, knowledge, money, news, progress,health,time,baggage(行李), change(零钱), furniture(家具)2)不可数名词如何表示数量:通常用"数词+单位词+of"来表示。

如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

a piece of bread(paper(纸), cloth(布), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), ,meat(肉) )a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水当单位词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,单位词需要用复数形式,如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸3)有些物质名词单复数形式表示不同含义, 如,fruit 水果---- fruits各种各样的水果,glass 玻璃---- glasses眼镜,玻璃杯,paper 纸----papers 报纸;论文;试卷(a daily paper 日报),coffee 咖啡----four coffees四杯咖啡可数名词和不可数名词的主谓一致问题:1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。

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