•6. The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature___(write). • Is being written
定语从句 Attributive Clauses
Pandora July，2017
追思过往
•1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语 从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 •2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 •3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 •关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 •关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； •关系副词有when, where, why.
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：
•4. 奥运会将在首都外围举行，而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克 城”。 •4. The Olympic Games will be held outside the capital and the whole area will be called “Olympic City”. •5. 到去年年底，工人们已完成新道路的建设。 •5. New roads had been completed by workers by the end of last year. •6. 到明年年底前，他们将完成新体育馆的施工。 •6. By the end of next year, work on the new stadium will have been finished.
•11. If you want___(respect), you must respect yourself. •To be respected •12. Everyone appreciates___(appreciate). •Being appreciated
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：
•1. 奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。 •2. 因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家，政府将建造新宾馆、 一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。 •3. 他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。 •4. 奥运会将在首都外围举行，而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克 城”。 •5. 到今年年底，工人们将完成新道路的建设。 •6. 到明年年底前，他们将完成新体育馆的施工。 •7. 这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。 •8. 我们都非常激动，期盼着奥运会的召开，因为在我们国家还从 未举办过奥运会。
关系代词——主语、宾语
关系代词——As
1. 引导限制性定语从句 A. as多与such或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 B. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句 作用相当于which， 位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。 例如：As is expected,the England team won the football match. The elephant’s nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.
•7）现在完成时 • has /have been done • 所有工作都已被完成，我们准备出发了。 • All the preparations have been completed, and we're ready to start. •8）过去完成时 • had been done • 到去年年底，在北京一个新体育馆已经建成了。 • By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. •7. The bicycles apparently___(forget) by their owners. •Have been forgotten 8. When the fires finally died out, nearly one third of Yellowstone’s land___(scorch). •Had been scorched
•5. The students who were aware that they___(watch) actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. •Were being watched
•9）将来完成时 • shall/will have been done • 这个项目将于七月前完工。 • The project will have been completed before July. •10）过去将来完成时 • should/would have been done • 那时，他告诉我，他的新衣服很快就要做好了。 • He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. •9. By the end of next year, many more high-rises___(build) around here. •will have been built •10. He said that if the reform process was easy, it___(do) decades ago. •would have been done
•3. If this happens, then no additional jobs___(create). •Will be created •4. He said he___(love) if he loves others. •Would be loved
•5） 过去进行时 • was/were being done • 当我在那里的时候，召开了一场会议。 •A meeting was being held when I was there. •6） 现在进行时 • am/is /are being done • 那里正在建一个新的电影院。 •A new cinema is being built here.
•2）一般过去时 •was/were done • 我被给了十分钟决定是否接受这份工作。 •I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. •1. No one person___(hold) directly responsible for completing the tasks. •Is held •2. They___(tell) that the number o__(record) . •Were told would be recorded
• Part one 被动语态
• Part two 定语从句 • Part three 写作句式
被动语态 Passive Voice
Pandora July，2017
追思过往
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态 由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
•1)一般现在时 •am/is/are +done (过去分词) • 游客被要求不能触摸展览品。 •Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：
•7. 这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。 •7. These fantastic buildings have been designed by Kan. •8. 我们都非常激动，期盼着奥运会的召开，因为在我们国家还从 未举办过奥运会。 •8. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in our country.
•11）不定式中的被动语态 • to be done • 在佛罗里达（Florida）北部发现了大量的这种树。 • This type of tree used to be found in abundance in the northern part of Florida.
•12）动名词中的被动语态 • being done • 这个想法很快被丢弃了，而没有进一步讨论。 • The idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed.
关系副词——状语
只能用that的情况
• 1. 先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；
• 2. 先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；
• 3. 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时； • 4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； • 5. 先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时； • 6. 先行词有人又有物时； • 7. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
牛刀小试
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：
•1. 奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。 •1. The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years. •2. 因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家，政府将建造新宾馆、 一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。 • 2. As a great many of people will visit our country, new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic standard swimming pool will be built by the government. •3. 他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。 •3. New roads and a special railway line will be built as well.