指示代词精讲1 指示代词表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。
图示如下:单数this这个that 那个same 同样的such这样的it 它复数these这些those 那些same同样的such这样的2 指示代词的用法1) this, that, these, those, such和the same可指人或物。
it通常指物1.作主语例:This is a chair.这是一把椅子。
That is Linda's book.这是琳达的书。
Whose pens are those? 那些是谁的钢笔。
Such is my wish.这就是我的愿望。
It's a butterfly.它是一只蝴蝶。
2.作宾语例:Have you read this? 你读过这个吗?I like these but she likes those.我喜欢这些,而她喜欢那些。
All the newspaper say the same.所有报纸都有同样的报道。
3.作表语例:Her plan is this.她的计划是这样的。
His worries are those. 他的烦恼就是那些。
4.作定语例:You can't swim at this time of the year.你不能在这个时候游泳。
I don't like that man.我不喜欢那个人。
She is fond of those books.她喜欢那些书。
2)指示代词的用法区别1.this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。
例:This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。
In those year they led a hard life.在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难。
2. this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。
例:I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come.他病了,那就是他没来的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars.他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。
3.在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。
例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。
B: Who's that please?请问是哪位?(美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)4. that和those可以代替名词,以避免重复例:The cars made in this city are more expensive than those made in that city.这个城市造的汽车比那个城市造的汽车贵。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia.中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。
提示a. 指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时,通常要用it或they.例:----What is this?这是什么?----It is a bird.是鸟。
----Is that your cap?那是你的帽子吗?----No, it isn't. 不是。
b. this, that, those和these加名词构成一些常用短语,作时间状语,指现在或过去。
例:this morning 今天早晨this spring 今年春天that morning那天早晨that spring那年春天these days 这些天to this day至今in these days这些日子里this evening今天晚上this winter今年冬天that evening (/night)那天晚上that winter 那年冬天these years这些年this time这一次(这个时候)in those years 那些年月里指示代词练习一、填空1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些)2. I don’t like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)3. I want _____(这个) sweater. I don’t want________(那个)sweater._____ (那个)is too big.二、英汉互译。
1. 这支钢笔2. 那些英语书3. these erasers4. that car三、选择。
1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green.A. this, thatB. These, ThoseC. That, ThoseD. This, That2. Is _____ a panda over there?A. thisB. thatC. thoseD. these3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons.A. ThisB. TheseC. ThatD. those4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. ThisB. TheyC. ThatD. Those5. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father.A. This,thoseB. That,theseC. These,theseD. This,this名词的数1.单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;man, woman 等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers,women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。
(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。
例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称:bowls专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词:news, falls2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of money.There is some milk in the bottle.Is there any water in the glass?I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water(milk)a cup of teaa cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。