计算机专业英语阅读材料计算机英语（1）Desktop PatternIn the graphical user interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user. To change the desktop pattern, choose Display from the Control Panel.桌面图案在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。
要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。
计算机英语（2）Federated DatabaseIn scientific networking ,a collaborative database (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databases are one proposed solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual research institutions ,to tackle them independently.联合式数据库在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。
联合数据库是对种种重大挑战问题(Grand Challenges)的一种建议性的解决方案——这些问题太复杂,以致于超出单个科学家的能力,甚至单个研究所都无法来单独解决它们。
计算机英语（3）CollapseWhen creating an outline or viewing a directory tree (such as in the Windows Explorer ),the process of hiding all the outline levels or subdirectories below the selected outline heading or directory.折叠当生成一个题纲或观察一个目录树(如在Windows资源管理器中)时,在选定的题纲标题或目录下隐藏所有的题纲层或子目录的过程。
计算机英语（4）CollisionIn local area networks (LANs) ,a garbled transmission that results when two or more workstations transmit to the same network cable at exactly the same time . Networks have means of preventing collisions.冲突在局域网(LANs)中,当两个或多个工作站恰好在同时向同一个网络线路上传送(数据)时产生的错乱传输。
网络拥有防止冲突的方法。
计算机英语（5）Shift keyA key that ,when pressed in combination with another key ,gives the other key an alternative meaning ;forexample ,producing an uppercase character when a letter key is pressed .The Shift key is also used in various key combinations to create nonstandard characters and to perform special operations .Early IBM keyboards labeled the Shift key only with a white arrow .Later keyboards label this key with the word Shift.上档键(又译为换档键)当一个键与另一个键组合使用时,它可改变另一个键的含义,例如，在按下某个字母键时产生大写字母。
上档键也可用在各种键组合中，以生成非标准字符和执行特殊操作。
早期IBM键盘仅用一个白色箭头标明换档键,后来的键盘用Shift标明这个键。
计算机英语（6）ShortcutIn Microsoft Windows 98,an icon that provides fast access to a program .A fter you create the shortcut ,you see the program's icon on the desktop ,where you can start it quickly by double-clicking the icon.快捷方式在Microsoft Windows 98中提供的对程序进行快速访问的图标。
当你建立了快捷方式后,你在桌面上就看到了该程序的图标,通过双击图标你就可以迅速地启动该程序。
计算机英语（7）Shortcut KeyA key combination that provides one-stroke access directly to a command or dialog box ,bypassing any intermediate menus.快捷键是一组提供直接对命令或对话框一次敲击访问的键组合,绕过任何中间菜单。
计算机英语（8）SignatureIn electronic mail and UseNet newsgroups ,a brief file (of approximately t hree or four lines )that contains the message sender's name ,organization ,address ,e-mail address ,and (optionally )telephone numbers .You can configure most s ystems to add this file automatically at the end of each message you send .Ne tiquette advises against long ,complicated signatures ,especially when posting to UseNet .In virus-protection utilities ,program code identifiable as belongi ng to a known virus.签名在电子邮件和UseNet新闻组中,包括消息发送者的姓名、机构、地址、e-mail地址和(任选的)电话号码的简要文件(大约3或4行)。
你可将多数系统配置成在你所发送的每一条消息的最后自动加上这个文件。
网上礼仪建议不要有太长太复杂的签名,特别是当邮送到UseNet时更是这样。
在病毒保护实用程序中,当病毒已知时,程序码是可以识别的。
计算机英语（9）Wait stateA microprocessor clock cycle in which nothing occurs .A wait state is programmed into a computer system to allow other components ,such as random-access memory (RAM) ,to catch up with the central processing unit (CPU) .The number of wait states depends on the speed of the processor in relation to the speed of memory .Wait states can be eliminated—resulting in a "zero wait state" machine—by using fast (but expensive )cache memory ,interleaved memory ,page-mode RAM ,or static RAM chips.等待状态微处理器不执行任何动作的时钟周期。
等待状态编入计算机系统中,以使其他部件(如随机RAM)跟上CPU的速度。
等待状态的次数取决于与存储器速度相关的处理器速度。
通过使用快速(但昂贵)的高速缓冲存储器、交错存取存储器、页面式RAM或静态RAM芯片,等待状态可消除,从而产生“零等待状态”机。
计算机英语（10）PortalA Web site that serves as a gateway to the Internet .A portal which may be a search engine or a directory web page is a collection of links ,content , and services designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting —news , weather , entertainment , commerce sites , chat rooms , and so on .Yahoo! ,Excite , ,Infoseek ,AOL ,Lycos and Netscape NetCenter are examples of portals .A web page is the starting point for web surfing .门户一种Web站点,其作用是相当于Internet入网的网关。