定语从句1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。
先行词是物：which that先行词是人：who whom that在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
e.g. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages.They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now.______________________________________________________3. He always buys some books. He never read them.______________________________________________________注意点：1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager.7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive.whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red.The book whose cover is red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi’an.________________________________________________________________4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south.________________________________________________________________5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken.________________________________________________________________that与which的区别1）用that而不用which的情况①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
⑤.避免重复Who is the person that is standing there?e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
______________________________________ 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
_______________________________________ 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词+ 关系代词。
e.g. H e had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.This is the room in which my father lived last year.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3.It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.4.The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5.Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6.He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised.关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now.The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him._________________________________________________________4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago._________________________________________________________介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，(look after take care of look for)e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.He is the student who the teachers are looking for.6. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. This is the house about which we wrote to you.2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4. This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years.关系副词：when where why当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.______________________________________________________________当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.4. I know of a place ./ We can swim in the place._____________________________________________________________先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for ＋which来代替: e.g. 5. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.6. The reason was not clear./ He was fired for this reason .找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2.Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3.I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4.Be sure to call on us next time when you come to town.5.We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.第五讲注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。