笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
Destination
To detect urinary system disorder (urinal tract infections or damage to kidneys)
To screen for or monitor diabetes and phenylketonuria (coumadin ,inborn error of metabolism that can result in mental retardation)
help to diagnose diseases unrelated to the urinary system.
5
Most concentrated Best for: microscopic examination
protein, nitrite
Types of urine specimens: Most convenient, most common good for: chemical screen microscopic examination
genitalia before voiding Faeces, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood
contaminate specimen 24-hour volume urine
7
Precaution
✓ If the urine is delayed for more than two hours after the specimen is collected, special precautions must be taken. ✓ If the urine is contaminated by feces or vaginal fluid, a clean specimen should be obtained. ✓ Avoid menstrual bleeding
➢24-hour volume urine
Bacteria culture
➢Midstream urine
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Procedure of collection
A clean ,dry container with cover Bacteria culture: must clean the external
odor
➢ Fresh urine has a characteristic odor due to it’s acidic contents-----aromatic
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volume, appearance, odor
Observations and determinations in
routine urinalysis: protein, glucose, ketirubin,urobilinogen,nit
examinatHio,SnG,occult blood,WBC
postrenal oliguria
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Anuria
aggravation from oliguria
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appearance
✓ Color: pale yellow to dark brown ✓ Clarity: clear to slightly hazy
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➢Hematuria: kidney diseases, adjacent organs diseases, systemic diseases ➢Hemoglobinuria: intravascular hemolysis ➢Myoglobinuria: muscle damaged ➢Bilirubinuria: obstructive jaundice,
➢Chemical examinatiocenlls, crystals, yeast,
bacteria
➢Microscopic examination
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Physical examination of urine Volume
Range from 1000 to 2000 ml per 24 hours ➢ Polyuria: >2500 ml / 24 h. ➢ Oliguria: <400 ml / 24 h, <17ml/h ➢ Anuria: <100 ml / 24 h.
➢First morning urine
Collected after a meal
➢Random urine
Good for glucose and protein Addis Count
➢Postprandial urine
➢12-hour volume urinneceessary for true quantitative result
hepatocellular jaundice ➢Chyluria: lymphatic vessel obstruction(filariasis) ➢Pyuria: bacteria inflammation ➢Crystalluria: crystals
15
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Physical examination of urine
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Polyuria
Physiological :
Pathological :diuretic, diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases
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Physiological :
Oliguria
prerenal oliguria
Pathological intrinsic oliguria
尿液分析
Routine Urinalysis
1
formation of urine
genitourinary system
2
精品资料
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