汉译英技巧
同时,市场自身的弱点和消极方面也会 反映到人们的精神生活中来。 Meanwhile, the weak points and negative factors involved in market operation will find expression in people’s cultural life. 互相借鉴对方的经验。 To profitably share experience. 这些原则一直是我们民族的精神支柱。 These principles have nourished the soul of our nation.
In theory there seem to be no problem in supplying this amount of water. 从理论上讲,供应这么多水似乎不成问 题。
As our national economy and national defense develop, there arises a new demand for communication.
汉语主语有时有隐蔽性,难以一眼看清楚。那 就需要细心观察,逐步缩小视点,找出合乎英 美人思维方式的主语。
健康情况不佳就无法有效地工作。 X One’s poor health will prevent him from working efficiently. √ You can not work efficiently if you are in poor health. 在历史上,由于长江不断改道,在武汉地区形 成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan a city in central China.
2. 谓语的确立
汉语的谓语同主语相似,几乎所有的词汇和语 言单位都可以充当谓语。此外,汉语的谓语可 以横排式地连用几个动词。而英语的谓语只能 由动词来担任,而且多数情况下只由一个主要 动词来担任,其他动词往往以非谓语的形态出 现(如不定式、动名词、分词)。
北京
enter the laboratory.
5、句子组合
如果句子中出现了两个或以上的“主-谓”结构,要考虑译为并列 句、复合句、或独立结构。
Hale Waihona Puke 昨天晚上我看见了那个据说已经去了国外的史 密斯先生走进了实验室,但是我的同伴却没看 见。 Yesterday evening I saw Mr. Smith enter the laboratory, who was said to have gone abroad, but my companion didn’t.
那个地方 明年五月以前 1000万元 调查研究 快 (用)这种方法 能解决这个问题。 巧干 从王教授那里 把技术人员的积极性调动起来 如果用科学的方法 人人动手
at that place. before next May.
This problem can be solved
fabrication?
我一时想不起他的名字。 His name just escaped me. 我激动得说不出话来。 Words failed me here.
如果汉语句子中主语是地点(个别情况下是时间),谓 语动词是状态动词或者“有”、“发生”、“出现”等 词时,译成英语时多用 there be 句型,这种情况下就 应把汉语句子中的宾语译成主语。
汉语的联动式谓语译成英语时,只能保留一 个主要动词(并列动词除外),而把其它的动词 译为名词、介词短语、分词或者不定式等。 总统准备明天乘专机前往上海参观访问。 The president is going to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit. 晚上过来跟我们一块儿去打保龄球好吗? Would you come to join us in playing Bowling this evening?
with 10 million yuan.
through investigation and study.
(in) this way.
if with care.
with the help of Professor Wang.
by working ingeniously.
This problem can be solved
(主—系—表)
The milk turns sour.
2、语态变化
Mr. Smith was seen to enter the laboratory yesterday evening.
3、语气变化
不然,我昨天晚上就会看见史密斯先生走进实
验室。
Otherwise, I would have seen Mr. Smith
某些动词的固定搭配
1、在具有“夺去、除去、减轻、发表”等意义 的他动词后面,先接对象,而后用of 引出内容。 发表意见: deliver oneself of an opinion 戒掉…习惯: rid/break oneself of sth. 清除某地的…东西:clear a place of sth.(snow…) 使某人丧失希望: bereave sb. of his hope 使某人耗尽资源: drain sb. of his resources 解除某人的职务: relieve sb. of his duty 剥夺某人的财产: strip sb. of sth. 治好了某人的病: cure sb. of his disease
汉译英
译出地道的英语
一、译文必须符合英语语法
英语以谓语动词为核心,共有三种轴心结构。英语千变万化的句 式,都是从这三种轴心句式结构中演变出来的。
1、主——系——表 2、主——谓——宾 3、There be
在 “there be” 句型中,动词除 be 之外,还可以由 seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come, seem/appear to be 等担任。
英美人强调事物的客观性,常以物或客观事实 作主语,而人则退到次要的位置。 我看当然像这么回事。 It certainly seems so to me. 你从来没有想到过他的故事可能是捏造的吗? Has it downed on you that his story may be
真大。 一千多平方公里。 在中国的北部。 买东西方便。 名胜古迹很多。 外来人口逐年增多。 在秋天最美丽。 乘车到上海只需要十几个小时。 交通状况不太好。 民风淳朴。
Beijing is really big/in the North of China/at its best in fall. Beijing has an area of over 10 million square kilos. It is convenient to go shopping in Beijing. There are many many historical sites in Beijing. The population of migrants in Beijing is enlarging each year. It takes less than twenty hours by train from Beijing to Shanghai. Traffic system in Beijing is not reliable. People in Beijing are simple and honest.
句子主干的确立
1、主语的确立
汉语的主语非常灵活,几乎可以由各种类 型的词汇和语言单位来担任;而英语的主 语语法要求则非常严格,只能由名词、代 词或具有名词语法功能的语言单位(动词 不定式、动名词、从句)来充当。所以, 英译的主语确立首先要考虑它是否符合英 语主句和英语主语角色的逻辑。许多情况 下,汉、英主语不能“对等”照译。
enter the laboratory yesterday evening. 4、增加定语、状语、修饰成分
昨天晚上我路过教学大楼时,我看见史密斯先 生身穿白衣服、头戴白帽子,走进了实验室。
Passing by the classroom building yesterday evening, I saw Mr. Smith dressed in white, wearing a white hat,
随着国民经济和国防事业的发展,对通 信提出了新的要求。
英语句子还有定语修饰(动词不定式、分词短语、 定语从句、介词短语等)、状语修饰(动词不定 式,分词短语,状语从句,介词短语,独立主 格成分等)以及时态、语态、语气、语序、强调、 插入等变化。首先要确定这些变化,才能正确 传达原文意义。
1、确定句型
(状—主—谓—宾—宾补)
昨天晚上我看见史密斯先生走进了实验室。 Yesterday evening I saw Mr. Smith enter the laboratory. 刚买的那台机器似乎出了毛病。