高考英语语法突破四大篇：专题4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢone eleven thirtytwo twelve fortythree thirteen fiftyfour fourteen sixtyfive fifteen seventysix sixteen eightyseven seventeen ninetyeight eighteen hundrednine nineteen thousandten twenty million/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。
20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。
注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。
如：six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的of不可省。
score 用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。
several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。
another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirst eleventh thirtiethsecond twelfth fortieththird thirteenth fiftiethfourth fourteenth sixtiethfifth fifteenth seventiethsixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandthtenth twentieth millionth/billionth注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
如：21st→twent y-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→one hundredth 2.序数词的句法功能(1)定语the first day of the weekmy first visit to Beijing(2)表语You are the first to leave.(3)主语The second was even worse.(4)同位语Tom，the first，is here.(5)宾语Do you prefer the first or the second?注意：①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。
This is the first one.This is her second visit to Japan.②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。
“a＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。
You’d better try a third time.数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数one thirdtwo thirds/two-thirdstwo-fifths of the studentsthirty percent of the watersix point four注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。
若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
如：Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.2.倍数表达法(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BThe bag is twice as big as that one.(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as＋BI have twice as many books as he (does).(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BThis classroom is three times bigger than ours.(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the size(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋BYour piece of bread is three times the size of mine.注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用基数词＋times表示三或三倍以上。
3.日期的表达(1)某年：in＋数字in 2018(2)某月：in＋月份in May(3)某年某月：in＋月＋年in May 2018(4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年on May 1(st)/1(st) May,20184.时刻的表达twenty-one past/after eight或eight twenty-onefour to/of nine或eight fifty-sixhalf past eight或eight thirtya quarter to/of ten或nine forty-five5.年代的表达the early 1920s/1920’sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties6.其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”every three days/every fourth dayevery other dayevery few days(2)表示年龄in one’s t eensin one’s twentiesat the age of 17He is twenty years old.He is a man of twenty.He is a twenty-year-old man.(3)用于习语中one at a time one by one ten out of ten1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)→forty(正)ninty(误)→ninety(正)nineth(误)→ninth(正)twentith(误)→twentiet h(正)twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)three fifth(误)→three fifths(正)the 2th of February(误)→the 2nd of February(正)One Thousand One Nights(误)→One Thousand and One Nights(正)2.特殊表达中的错误every other days(误)→every other day(正)in his tens(误)→in his teens(正)several dozens of them(误)→several dozen of them(正)more two days(误)→two more days/another two days(正)You’d better try the third time.(误)→You’d better try a third time.(正)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Actually，this latest children’s version，belonging to a program titled Xiao Xigu (literally，young artists)，is in honor of the thirtieth(thirty) anniversary of the1987 work ，praised as the most classic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考) 解析 “the＋序数词”表示特指“第几个”，故填thirtieth 。
2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth(nine) birthday.(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)解析 句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。
3.He missed the gold in the high jump ，but will get a second chance in the long jump.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)解析 在序数词前用a ，则表示“再次，还有”之意。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.I am more than happy to know you got athefirst prize in the speech contest.(2018·湖南张家界三模)解析 the first prize 为固定用法，意为“第一名，一等奖”，而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the 来表示顺序。
所以句中的a first prize 中的a 要改为the 。
2.During the sixthsix days ，a series of English activities were organized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)解析 during 后接时间段，此处表示六天，故用基数词。