副词副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和整个句子的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式和频率等等。
一、副词的分类1、时间副词:today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)、yesterday(昨天)、tonight(今晚)、now(现在)、before(以前)、ago(以前)、just now(刚才)、then(那时)2、地点副词:here(这里)、there(那里)、home(在家)、upstairs(在楼上)、downstairs(在楼下) 、away(在远处)3、频度副词:usually(通常)、often(经常)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)、once(一次、一旦)、hardly(几乎)、ever(曾经)、never(从来不)、5、疑问副词:why(为什么)、what(什么)、where()、when、how4、程度副词:too(太)、very(很)、so(那么)、quite(很、相当)、much(非常)、a little(一点)6、方式副词:quietly(安静地)、warmly(热情地)、slowly(慢慢地)、carefully(小心地)、badly(严重地)、seriously(认真地)、hard(艰难地、猛烈地)、fast(快速地)二、副词的位置1、副词修饰动词时,也有放在句首、句中或句末。
如:Usually I go shopping on Sundays.---通常我周日去购物(句首)It very often rains in July.---七月份经常下雨(句中)He runs very fast.---他跑的很快(句末)大多数副词都可以放在动词后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。
例如:dance beautifully、listen carefully、sit quietly、speak loudly、very happyI get up early in the morning every day. ---我每天早晨都很早起床。
We can go to this school freely. ---我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
需要注意的是,大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。
例如:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.---我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
2、副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面。
如:These flowers are quite beautiful.---这些花相当漂亮(在形容词前)He studies very hard.---他学习很努力(在副词前)3、enough作为副词修饰形容词或副词时,要位于它所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
如:Lily is not old enough to look after herself.---莉莉太小,还不能够照顾自己。
4、方式副词well、badly、hard等只放在句尾。
如:He speaks English well. ---他英语说得好。
记忆口诀:形名动副系形副形1、形名---形容词修饰名词,如:a young girl2、动副---副词修饰动词,如:run quickly3、系形---系动词后面跟形容词,如:is lovely4、副形---副词修饰形容词,如:very good三、副词的排列顺序1、如果有多个时间、地点副词,则小单位的在前,大单位的在后。
如:They received the papers at two o'clock on the morning of May 15.---他们于5月15日凌晨两点接收到文件。
2、既有时间副词又有地点副词时,通常地点副词放在时间副词之前,如:We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.---我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
3、对于方式副词,拼写短的在前,拼写长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
如:Please write slowly and carefully. ---请写得慢一些,仔细一些4、多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
5、关于副词的排列顺序,有两点特殊情况:A、副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
如:(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.B、副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.=There is food enough for everyone to eat.四、副词的比较级和最高级1、比较级和最高级的构成:副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化与形容词的比较级和最高级规则变化大C2A、副词原级。
副词原级与形容词原级用法相同,都可以用在"as......as"结构中,如:He runs as fast as me.---他和我跑的一样快。
B、副词比较级。
副词比较级与形容词比较级用法相同,如:Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.--马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早C、副词最高级。
副词最高级与形容词最高级用法基本相同,只是副词最高级前可以不用the,如:He swims (the) best in Class One.---一班他游泳最好。
3、比较级最高级的几种类型A、递增比较级构成:形/副+er+than或more+形/副+than含义:比……更备注:More 不能与er 同时用,more 后面跟形/副原级B、递减比较级构成: less+形/副+than含义:比……更不备注:less 后面跟形/副原级C、同级比较构成: as+形/副+as含义:和……一样备注:as...as 中间用原级D、同级否定比较构成: not as/so+形/副+as含义:不像……一样备注:as...as 中间用原级E、比较级最高级的标志词a、比较级:两者比较,than;b、最高级:三者比较,in/of+范围,one of,I have ever seenHe is the tallest boy in our class/of all the students.It is the best car I have ever seen.F、比较级经典句型a、越来越:比较级+and+比较级The world will become better and better.---世界会变得越来越好。
b、A 越……,B 就越……:the+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓The more you eat,the fatter you will be.---你吃的越多就会变得越胖。
c、冠词限定比较级在比较级的句子中出现表示范围的词,如“of the two”、“between A and B”,比较级前加the。
She is the more pretty of the two.---她是两个女孩中比较好看的一个。
G、最高级经典句型a、完成时最高级句型:the+最高级+sb.+have/has+ever+doneIt is the best car I have ever seen.---这是我见过的最好的车。
b、比较级表最高级句型:否定词+比较级=最高级I have never seen any better house before.---我从没见过比这更好的房子(这是最好的)It couldn't be better.---没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)五、副词和形容词的区别1、形容词构成:形容词=名词+y / ly / ous / ive / fulwind+y=windy;love+ly=lovely;danger+ous=dangerous;expense+ive=expensive;care+ful=careful2、副词构成:副词=形容词+lycareful+ly=carefullya、直接在形容词后加-ly:careful-carefully、slow-slowlyb、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变i、加-ly:happy-happily、lucky-luckilyc、有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化:fast、hard、lated、有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:neary-nearly、high-highly、late-lately 3一.根据中文意思连词成句.注意副词的位置和顺序1.莉莉每天七点起床。
(at. every day. Lily. gets up. seven o’clock)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.刚才他飞快地跑上楼去了。
(he. ran. just now. fast. upstairs)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我妹妹每天早上都会在花园里愉快的唱歌。
(sings. in the garden. my sister. every morning. happily)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.这个女孩来自美国华盛顿。
(the. Washington. comes from. USA. girl)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.他们星期天在公园玩的很开心。
(on Sunday. played. they. in the park. happily)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1、My brother is two years __________________(old) than me.2、Tom is as ________________(fat) as Jim.3、Is your sister __________________(young) than you? Yes、she is.4、Who is ___________________(thin)、you or Helen? Helen is.5、Whose pencil-box is __________________(big)、yours or hers? Hers is.6、Mary's hair is as __________________(long) as Lucy's.7、Ben ______________ (jump) ________________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8、___________ Nancy sing __________________ (well) than Helen? Yes,she _____.9、Fangfang is not as _________________ (tall) as the other girls.10、My eyes are __________________(big) than ________________ (she)..11、Which is ___________________(heavy)、the elephant or the pig?12、Who gets up _________________(early)、Tim or Tom?13、____________the girls get up_______________(early) than the boys?No,they______________.14、Jim runs _____________(slow). But Ben runs _____________(slow).15、The child doesn't_____________(write) as ____________(fast) as the students.答案:1.Lily gets up at seven o’clock every day.2He ran upstairs fast just now.3My sister sings happily in the garden every morning.4The girl comes from Wastington、the USA.5. They played happily in the park on Sunday.。