中国地质大学研究生课程论文封面课程名称研究生英语教师姓名何霜研究生姓名刘改宁研究生学号**********研究生专业数学所在院系数理学院类别: A.博士 B.硕士 C.进修生日期: 2016 年 4 月15 日Summary1. The summary of “From Competence to Commitment”.In this article, “From Competence to Commitment”, Ernest Boyer argues that it is not enough to merely teach undergraduates the specialized skills needed to do a particular job. Rather, students need “a large vision.” He argues that they need to become familiar with issues far beyond the simple concerns of a narrow academic field, and gain an appreciation of the values and philosophy of their own culture as well as the issues shaping nations far from the university campus. In addition to learning specialized facts and skills, students should examine larger issues of right and wrong, so that each student may develop the intellectual sophistication required to make wise decision for themselves and their society. Therefore Ernest Boyer states that the undergraduate education should move the student from competence to commitment.At first, the author reveals a common phenomenon that many college students are confused about where to put their belief. In order to work out this problem, undergraduate education should reflect in loyalties that rise above self.Next, college graduates should fulfill civic obligations. The imperative measures should be taken to narrow the gap between public policy and public understanding in American teaching today.The complicated public life requires more participation of citizens, notonly specialists. Democratic process also needs some citizens who are well-educated, care for the society. Undergraduate college has a greater responsibility than any other institution to provide the wise leadership which is needed by nation.According to this, college graduates also fulfill obligation from the global perspective. The planet has become more crowed, more interconnected, more unstable in the past half century, a new generation of college students need to adapt this change. They should know about culture other than their own, understand the interdependent nature of the world, and eventually realize what obligations they should take. In the capacity-building aspects, credits and completed course that can prove student to deal successfully with discrete problems is highly prized. On the contrary, some important capacities are ignored by people. The quality of college education should be measured by the integrated performance in classroom and the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education.In the end, college should encourage students to enlarge the scope of vision and discover patterns through the knowledge they have acquired, and eventually take their responsibility effectively.2. The summary of “what will be”.This article mainly talks about some discoveries about the information marketplace, a place where people and their computers willbuy, sell, and freely exchange information. Then analysis what will be the future of it. The author discusses the interaction between some fundamental ancient human forces and the Information Marketplace suggests that we should consider the greatest transformation of it.The first discovery was that the Information Marketplace is built on an information infrastructure, where we should concern more. It is a wide and rich terrain that full of challenges where almost every supplier and consumer can be a winner.The second discovery was that the Information Marketplace will affect people and organizations on a broad scale. All kinds of organizations of human beings, from a small company to the government of a nation can benefit a lot because of their information work. Two major new forces in information market: electronic bulldozers and electronic proximity both have broad influence for society. The former one will increase. Human productivity is important in both our personal lives and the workplace while the latter can bridge the distance between people since they can communicate through information in a more convenient way. In other words, Information Marketplace can help us understand others better and stay peaceful. Besides, the author also take some harmful factors into account such as the huge amount of info-junk and the gap between rich and poor nations that will become more serious if we don’t take some measure.Another discovery was that the Information Marketplace is capable of customizing information to individual human and organizational needs. Since there’s almost no event or action that is not related to information, people will make use of the Information Marketplace to accomplish their wishes and preference, no matter who they are.The author is confident about the future of the Information Marketplace, which is regarded as the Third Revolution in modern human history. He calls us to embrace and welcome the coming of this big, exciting, and awesome revolution and believe it will liberate the total human potential within each of us and lead us move towards a new age. 3. The Summary of “The Virtues of Ambition”.Although for a long time ambition has come under heavy attack and has been given a bad name, it is by no means illegal and will exist forever. As one of those Rorschach words, when you define the ambition, you instantly reveal a great deal about yourself. Webster defines ambition as “an ardent desire for rank, fame, or power.” But ardent immediately assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability.Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, of wealth, of love, of distinction, of accomplishment, of pleasure, of goodness. What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot be predicted. As drunks have done to alcohol, the single-minded have done to ambition -given it a bad name. What is the worst that can be said about ambition? Here is a surelypartial list: ambition often means antisocial, and indeed is now out of date. What is worse, ambition means Jesuitical.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared, and especially must be esteemed by people who are educated. People are still interested in success and its accoutrements now. And then we are treated to fine pharisaical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angle. As a result, ambition is driven underground, or made sly, or perverse.Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents something intractable in human nature. Ambition should be underscored in a new view that it is morally a two-sided street. To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of grandeur and greatness. Ambition is the linchpin of society. If people remove ambition, the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world, without demands, without abrasions, and without disappointments. How unbelievable boring the life would be!4. The summary of “The Harm That Good Men Do”.In a general way, the first paragraph mainly tells us ideally good men’s good life behaviors, their ways of thinking, and briefly shows us what they will or won't do in all aspects. The coming paragraphs areconclusion of the passage.In order to avoid being suspected, good men are often used by politicians because of their goodness of never suspecting shady actions of their friends and being suspected by the public. In the aspect of politics, good men are also usually used to protect some important men’s political career. Sometimes, good men are grateful. They maybe kill themselves to achieve some goals, which good for people close to them or even to those they don’t know at all. However, the generally so called goodness doesn’t good to the world actually and make it a better place because of all kinds of reasons. Two most important of which are tradition and the unjust power of dominant classes. Currently, our ethic is a curious mixture of superstition and rationalism. In social practice, what determines a good man is not insisting in doing right but in not doing wrong. And what’s worse, the world is full of injustice, and those who profit by injustice are in a position to administer rewards and punishments. Good men are usually hurt or punished by the authority because injustice. Someone even murdered, like Jean Jaures, the best citizen of France.We all know traditional morality is far from being perfect. Holding the idea for the greatest happiness of the greatest number, good men will try to change and improve traditional morality. In the process, they try to lead the oppressed and harm the profits of the power. Of course, they finally achieve nothing but failure. Superstition won't bring us happiness. Wehave to instill a rational attitude towards ethical questions and that's our only way to achieve justice.By setting examples above, the author raises the conclusion in the last paragraph that reason may be a small force, but it is constant and the only true friends of humanity.。