练习题一一、单词互译 (每空1 分，共 20 分)A英译汉共10题每题一分1、Automobile2、Classification3、Combustion4、Chamber5、Circulate6、Crankshaft7、Antifreeze8、Carburetor9、Mechanics10、Air–fuel mixtureB 汉译英共10 题每题一分1、连杆n.2 、点燃n.3 、简洁地adv.4 、（使）旋转v.5 、发动机n.6 、要求v.7 、输送v.8 、活塞n.9 、系统n.10、气缸n.二、词汇和语法（每小题1分，共20分）1、The ______ of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center).A、upper limitB、lower limitC、limit2、The ______ of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center).A、lower limitB、upper limitC、limit3、A _____ is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC.A、strokeB、stageC、state4、The _____ is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.A、crankshaftB、crankpinC、break5、The actions ______ can be divided into four stages, or strokes.A、taken place in the engine cylinderB、taking place in the engine cylinderC、take place in the engine cylinder6、In other words, the piston completes a stroke _____ it charges its direction of motion.A、every timeB、each timeC、each times7、”Stroke” ______ piston movement.A、refer toB、refers toC、prefer to8、A stroke occurs _______ the piston moves from one limiting position to the other.A、whileB、whenC、which9、By the time the piston reaches TDC, the mixture ________ to as little as one-tenth of its originalvolume, or over less.A、had been compressedB、has been compressedC、compressed10、When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, ________ does the pressure in the cylinder go up, ______the temperature of the mixture_______ increases.A、not only…but alsoB、not only…but andC、not…but11、The cylinder pressure ________ as much as 3-5 Mpa or even more.A、go upB、increasesC、add12. But as the higher pressures is called upon to withstand very much greater stresseshigher pressures in cylinders.A. becauseB. because ofC. due to13. The diesel engine is more efficient, because it higher compression ratio.A. haveB. hasC. had14. This advantage prevents the diesel engine replacing the gasoline engine in some automobilesand airplanes.A. toB. forC. from15. In any internal combustion engine burning fuel heats air consequently.A. whichB. thatC. when16. We all know that diesel engines ( ) work in the same way as gasoline engine do.A. in principleB. in other wordsC. in turn17. Up to 40 per cent of the chemical energy of the burning fuel changed into mechanical energy.A. will beB. would beC. may be18. As it were, into waiting charge at the required instant.A. aB. anC. the19. It has more substantial construction and is thus heavier.A. to be ofB. to beC. to be that20. The same series of events take place again and continue the engine runs.A. whenB. asC. as long as三、阅读与理解（20题，每题2分，共40分）Part 1The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or stroke. “Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engines is called a four-stroke-cycle engine, or a four-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.1.What do we see from the paragraphs? ( )A. What is stroke?B. What is engine?C. What is cylinder?2. Which one Statement is true according the above first paragraph? ( )A. A four-stroke-cycle engine means that four strokes is required when it finish the whole cycle.B. A stroke is not piston movement from TDC to BDC, but from BDC to TDC.C. The lower limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center).3. What is BDC in the term of automobile industry? ( )A. Bottom dead center.B. Top dead center.C. Neither of A and B.4. Which one Statement is TRUE according the last paragraph? ( )A. The four strokes occur in two crankshaft revolutions.B. The four strokes occur in four crankshaft revolutions.C. The four strokes occur in one crankshaft revolutions.5. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )A. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.B. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and inhauls.C. The four piston strokes are intake, combining, power, and exhaust.Part 2Power stroke: As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites, or sets fire to, the air-fuel mixture. It now beings to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5 Mpa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.6. Which topic is fit with the paragraph? ( )A. Power strokeB. Compression stroke.C. Exhaust stroke.7. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )A. The terrific push against the piston forces it downward.B. The slight push against the piston forces it downward.C. This little push against the piston forces it downward.8. Which word or phrase can change the word “ignites”? ( )A. sets fire toB. shoots atC. charges9. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )A. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to begin the spark.B. The ignition system delivers a low-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to defend the spark.C. The ignition system delivers a constant-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce thespark.10. When the air-fuel mixture beings to burn very rapidly, how much does the cylinder pressure increase to? ( )A. As much as 3-5 Mpa or even more.B. As much as 3-5 bar or even more.C. About 3-5 Kpa.Part 3We all know that diesel engines, in principle, work in the same way as gasoline engines do. Both kinds of engines are internal combustion engines, but each of them has its characteristic features.Now let us compare the diesel engine with the gasoline engine. Firstly, the explosive mixture of the gasoline engine is provided by a carburetor, but in the case of the diesel engine the supply is affected byan injection or “jerk” pump which forces a “shot” of fuel into each cylinder in turn according to the correct firing sequence. Secondly, the fundamental difference between gasoline and diesel engines is that in the gasoline engine the source of the heat for igniting the charge, namely, an electric spark, is generated outside the engine, and is taken, as it were, into the waiting charge at the required instant. In the diesel engine the source of heat for igniting the charge is created within the engine by compressing pure air to a degree that will initiate combustion and then injecting the fuel at the right time in relation to the movement of the crankshaft.11. What do we see from the first paragraph? ( )A. Diesel engines work in the same mean as gasoline engines do.B. Diesel engines don’t work in the same way as gasoline engines do.C. Either of A and B.12. Which one Statement is true in the article? ( )A. the explosive mixture of the gasoline engine is provided by a carburetor.B. the fuel supply of the diesel engine is affected by an injection or “jerk” pump.C. both of A and B13. What is the fundamental difference between gasoline and diesel engines? ( )A. In the gasoline engine, an electric spark plug is required in a cylinder.B. In the diesel engine, an electric spark plug is required in a cylinder.C. Both of A and B.14. Which one Statement is true in the term of diesel engines in the article? ( )A. the diesel engine the supply is affected by an injection.B. the diesel engine the supply is affected by or a “jerk” pumpC. Both A and B.15. Which topic is fit with the article? ( )A. Diesel engine operating features.B. Gasoline engine operating features.C. Jerk pump operating features.Part 4Both classes of engines are of very similar construction. But as the higher pressure is called upon in cylinders, it has to be of more substantial construction, and is thus heavier. In general, the diesel engine may weigh about 9.25 kilograms per kilowatt. The most important advantage of the gasoline engine is its lower weight per kilowatt. The gasoline engine for automobiles may weigh about 6.17 kilograms per kilowatt, and gasoline engines for airplanes may weigh as 0.77 kilograms per kilowatt. This advantage prevents the diesel engine form replacing the gasoline engine in some automobiles and airplanes.In addition, the engine runs cooler than the gasoline engine. This advantage is especially obvious at lower speeds. Diesel oil is not only cheaper than gasoline, but also safer to store.16. Which one Statement is true in the term of engines in the article? ( )A. Both classes of engines are of very similar construction.B. Both classes of engines are of a little similar construction.C. Both classes of engines are NOT of similar construction.17. How many kilograms per kilowatt may the diesel engine weigh generally? ( )A. about 9.25B. about 0.77C. about 6.1718. What is the most important advantage of the gasoline engine? ( )A. its lower weight per kilowatt.B. its higher weight per kilowatt.C. neither of A and B19. What advantage is especially obvious at lower speeds for diesel engines?. ( )A. the diesel engine runs cooler than the gasoline engine.B. the diesel engine runs hotter than the gasoline engine.C. the diesel engine runs harder than the gasoline engine.20. Which one Statement is true in the term of engines in the article? ( )A. Diesel oil is cheaper than gasoline.B. Diesel oil is safer to store than gasoline..C. both of A and B.四、句子英译汉（每小题5分，2小题，共10分）1、“Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other.2、The cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5 Mpa or even more.五、句子汉译英（每小题5分，共10分）1、换句话说，活塞每完成一个行程，就改变一次其远动的方向。