英语基础知识系列复习第一讲冠词1.掌握冠词的基本用法2.掌握冠词的固定搭配3.掌握抽象n.具体化的现象4.掌握表示类别的方法Ⅰ不定冠词的使用场合1.a+辅音字母开头的单词（指发音）an+元音字母开头的单词（指发音）eg. a unit 一个单元∕单位an egg an x-raya useful book an hour an honoura university student an honest boya European a one-eyed monkey2.说话双方只要有一方心里不清楚或不知道的人或事物n.之前用不定冠词，表泛指eg. A Mr.Smith wants to see you .比较: Mr.Smith wants to see you .(说话者均认识Mr.Smith)eg. —Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?--Sorry,wrong number.There isn’t ____ Mr.Smith here.A.不填B.aC.theD.one (强调数量) Beg. --Have you seen _____pen ? I left it here this morning.--Is it _____black one ?I think I saw it somewhere .A.a,theB.the,theC.a,a C3.不定冠词在意义上相当于every或per（表示每一个），用于价格，时间，速度，比率等表达式中。
eg.They cost 50 pence (便士)a kilo(公斤)。
I can tape 50 words a minate.He was driving at 50 miles an hour .4. a most…：一个非常、极其… ；the mo st …最（高级）eg. a most(=very) interesting bookSoccer is a most popular game.eg. Hangzhou is _____most beautiful sity, where you can see ____famous West Lake. A.a,the B.a,/ C.the,a Aeg.This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.5.不定冠词与序数词连用a second/third 再一……又一……the first /second……last 第几若干个eg.You may try a second time if you fail .He is always the first to come to school .(序数词后接动词不定式作宾语) eg. The cakes are del iciours .He’d like to have __a___ third one ……6.表职业eg.I am a teacher.eg.When he left college ,he got a job as __a__repoter in a mewspaper office.eg.He turned thief ,which made his parents very sad .(系动词turn作“变…，成为……”讲时，后接不加冠词的任何单数名次。
)7.（be）of a/an +单数名词：属于同一的既可作表语，又可作后置定语eg. We’re of an age.我们同岁。
eg. Birds of a father flock together .物以类聚=Things __of_a_kind__come together.8. so/how/as/too/no+adj.+a(n)+单n.eg:This is so tall building that we can see the whole city when we stand on the top of it.eg. How clever a boy he is !eg. Tom is as clever a boy as Jack.eg. This is too small box to hold all these things.eg. This is no more interesting a film than that one .This film is no more interesting than that one .9. 首次提到的可数单数名词前用a，再次提到用“the”eg.He lent me a book yesterday.The book is not interesting at all.eg.I was born in a small village and great changes have taken place in the village in the last few years.10.短语（不定冠词）as a result all of a sudden 突然as a matter of fact as a rule一贯as a whole in a word 总之get in a word 插话once upon a time 从前have a good time 玩得开心have a word with 与某人交谈 a wast of 对…的浪费（常作表语）at a time 每一次（若干个）at one time 曾经（一段时间）at a distance 隔开一些（距离）from a distance 从远方，从远处in a hurry匆匆忙忙的in a way 在某种意义上in a temper 生气地once in a while 偶尔have a pain 疼痛do sb. a favour have a try 试一试make a living 谋生take a chance 冒险keep an eye on 照看… take an interesting in 对什么感兴趣on a large scale大规模的keep sth a secret 对……保密Ⅱ定冠词的使用场合1.当某一n。
被介词短语或定从限制时，表示特指用“the”eg.The shoes under the bad are mine.The factory which you visited a few days ago caught fire last night.2.表示说话双方心里都清楚的人或事物n.前用“the”eg.Open the window,please.I’m going to the supermarket this after noon .---Where’s Jack ?---I think he’s still in _不填_bed,but he might just be in _the__bathroom.3.用于世界上独一无二的事物n.前the sun/ moon /earth /world/ sky /star / universe /sea / atmosphere/ globe/ equator (赤道)eg.a bright moon /star a peacefull wordeg.Wouldn’t it be _a_ wonderfull word if all nations(国家)lived in _不_peace with one antother?It is _a_ world of wonders ,_a_ world where anything can happen.创造奇迹：work wonders4.用于方位n.前the east (west /north/south/right /left)A.in the east of ……(在某一范围内)在……东部eg.Japan lies in the east of Asia .What’s it like working in the south of China ?B.on the east of ……(两地相连)在……东边eg.Hebei province is on the east of Shanxi province.C. (to the )east of ……(不在同一区域内)在……以东eg.TaiWan is to the east of Fujian province.D. at/on the right /left(在右边/左边)eg.He is sitting on my left.F. turn/look/walk to the left /right表示方位的n.前有时可作advThe swallows(燕子)go south in the winter .Turn (to the )left ,and you can see a post office .题：At noon ,we reached _a_ small village__(to the)或不填__east of the town.Summer in _the_South of France are for the most part dry and summy. 5.用于表示自然现象的n.前the wind/rain/smow /storm the weather/climate注:a heavry rain a strong wind6.用于表示某一类人的adj或分词前，表示这一类人的通称The poor /rich/sick(病人)/living/dead/young……7.表乐器n.前to play the violin /piano/guitar8.表示娱乐场所的名词前to go to the cinema/theatre/concert/evening party9.用于彪发明物之前eg.The compass was invented by the Chinese.10.用于序数词及adj的最高级前eg.---Who came out _不填_first in the London Marathon?注：come out firsr (比赛或考试中)获得第一名11.表示姓氏的复数n.前，表示“……一家人，……夫妇”eg.The Greens is/are going to China next month.The Wangs quarreled with the Zhangs yestearday.12.用于表示“……国人”的n前，表示该国人的统称.eg.The Chinese 中国人The English 英国人13.用于表示计算单位的名词前by the hour 按小时计算by the dozenby the day 按天计算注：by weight 按重量计算by volume 按体积计算Eg.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.These eggs are sold by the dozen .Spring is the best season of the year.Apples are usually sold by _不_weight and eggs are sometimes sold by the dozen14.用于世纪、年代的名词前eg: in the 90’s /90s 读作：in the ninetinesin the 1990’s /1990s 读作: in the nineteen ninetieseg: in the nineties of the twentieth century (在20世纪90年代)eg: Paper money was in _/_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _the_ thirteen country.15.用于“the + 比较级+ of the two …”，表示“两者之中较……的一个”eg:He is the older of the two boys.If the manger had to cloose between the two ,he would say John was_the better_ choice.16.用于“the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”句型中表示“越……，越……”eg: the sooner the betterThe more learned he is ,the more modest he is .The hander you study ,the greater progress you will make .第一个“the+比较级”表条件，后面的句子用一般现在时表将来。