.chou名词1. 上义词V.S 下义词e.g cold drink → chilled mineral waterreptile → snakesimprovement → innovation2. 抽象V.S 具体e.g transport → bus, traindiscount → 10% off3. 解释，下定义e.g neigh bors → people living nearbysolution → ways in which people may overcome their problemsconclusion → the last part4. 同义词，近义词e.g disadvantages → drawbacksgift → presentbooking → reservation5. 指代替换，人称代词e.g we → library staffyou → postgraduates形容词1. 同义词，近义词替换e.g easy → elementary, simpletall → highideal → perfect 2. 反义替换e.g interesting → boringnoisy → quieteasy → difficult3. 抽象到具体名词e.g near → just 35 minut eslong → fortnight, week, hour4. 同根词互换e.g important → importance beautiful → beauty动词1. 同义词，近义词替换e.g book → reservechange → adjustignore → overlook2. 同根词互换e.g arrive → arrivaldepart → departure3. 反义替换e.g include → excludebeen told → heard4. 跨词性替换e.g listen to → talksreduce → lower5. 抽象到具体e.g recover → overcome its problems地图题核心词汇be far from 距离某处很远be nearby 距离某处很近go straight across/to/through 径直走过/向/穿过cross(over) 穿过（某条街道）be next to 紧邻turn left/right 左转/右转go up/down 向上（北）/向下（南）go back/back up 往回走go east/west/south/north 向东/西/南/北go on/along…till you meet…沿。

一直走，直到。

be on sb’s left/right在某人的左边/右边directly opposite 和。

相对be located behind/in front of 坐落在。

的前面/后面be on the corner of A street and B street 在A和B街交汇的拐角处be in corner of 在。

的角落里ground floor （英）首层wing配楼/建筑的一部分annex 配楼/主楼的附属建筑basement 地下室/第一层twin building 由两个完全相同的部分构成的建筑landmark标志性的建筑;地标；地界block/complex 由若干建筑构成的建筑群/街区stair 楼梯step 台阶wheel chair access 无台阶的/残疾人用aisle 过道intersection/crossroad/junction 十字路口a T road/junction 丁字路口intersection/crossroads/junction/clover-leaf立交桥租房场景核心词汇Accommodation Center 住宿管理中心housing coordinator 住宿协调员landlord/landlady 男/女房东flat/apartment公寓student hostel 学生招待所motel汽车旅馆bungalow 平房bedroom 卧室lounge客厅kitche厨房garag车库store room/house储藏室corridor走廊bathroom卫生间stove炉灶microwave oven微波炉air conditioning空调radiator(电)暖气stereo (system)音响sofa沙发fireplace 壁炉sink水槽curtain窗帘shower淋浴closet 橱柜toilet 盥(guan)洗室pillow 枕头pillow case枕头套blanket毛毯entrance hall门厅Accommodation Officer住宿管理员real estate agent 房地产经纪人roommate室友dormitory(dorm)宿舍home-stay 寄宿家庭youth hostel青年旅社residential college寄宿学院living room客厅yard院子balcony阳台breakfast room早餐室laundry room 洗衣室entrance hall一楼大厅attic阁楼fridge/refrigerator/freezer冰箱washing machine洗衣机electric fans 电风扇electric stove电炉cooking utensils厨房用具armchair扶手椅carpet 地毯dishwasher 洗碗机toaster 烤面包机mirror镜子bathtub/tub浴盆furniture 家具unfurnished无家具设备的springs弹簧床towel 浴巾,毛巾个人信息表核心词汇fullname全名first/givenname名字surname/family name/last name姓氏middleinitial中间名缩写nationality国籍passportnumber护照号码visa签证ID/identification/identity身份证driving/driver’slicense/license驾照date of birth出生日期age年龄bloodtype血型height身高favoritefood比较/最爱吃的食物transportation交通工具register/enrollmentdate注册/报道日期Englishproficiency英语水平home/officenumber家庭/办公电话号码date of arrival/departure到达/出发日期signature签名weight体重maritalstatus婚姻状况homeaddress家庭住址course申请课程雅思听力常见地名U.K./Great Britain 英国London 伦敦England 英格兰Liverpool 利物浦Manchester 曼彻斯特Sheffield 谢菲尔德Birmingham 伯明翰Coventry 考文垂Leeds 利兹Scotland 苏格兰Glasgow 格拉斯哥Edinburgh 爱丁堡Wales 威尔士Cardiff 加的夫North Ireland 北爱尔兰Ireland 爱尔兰Dublin 都柏林Belfast 贝尔法斯特New Zealand 新西兰Wellington 惠灵顿Australia 澳大利亚Canberra 堪培拉Brisbane 布里斯班Sydney 悉尼South Australia 南澳大利亚洲Adelaide 阿德莱德Victoria 维多利亚州Melbourne 墨尔本Western Australia 西澳大利亚洲Perth 珀斯Canada 加拿大Ottawa 渥太华Vancouver 温哥华Alberta 艾伯塔省Edmonton 埃德蒙顿Toronto 多伦多Quebec 魁北克省Montreal 蒙特利尔United States of America 美国Washington 华盛顿约Boston 波士顿Atlanta 亚特兰大Seattle 西雅图Los Angeles/L.A. 洛杉矶Chicago 芝加哥旅游娱乐核心词汇cities 城市mountains 山脉deserts 沙漠hilly areas 丘陵地带wet lands 沼泽地bush land 灌木丛tropical rain forests 热带雨林resorts 胜地coastal areas 沿海地区hot springs 温泉waterfalls 瀑布castle 城堡swimming 游泳diving 潜水；跳水Scuba Diving 器械潜水Surfing 冲浪water skiing 滑水hang gliding 悬挂滑翔socks 袜子sunscreen 防晒霜long trousers 长裤walking boots 步行靴public transport 公共交通private transport 私人交通ferry 渡船underground/subway/tube/Metro 地铁river cruise 巡游book the room(make a reservation) 订房间currency 货币credit card 信用卡（Visa 维萨卡； MasterCard 万事达卡；American Express美国运输）stingers 刺痛人的东西sharks 鲨鱼box jellyfish 水母的一种fountain 喷泉plants 植物beaches 海滩spotlight tour 聚光灯旅行four-wheel drive 四驱车cruise 游轮water polo 水球beach towel 大浴巾telescopes 望远镜雅思考试常见动物duckbill 鸭嘴兽koala 考拉kangaroo 袋鼠ostrich 鸵鸟falcon 猎鹰parrot 鹦鹉coral 珊瑚jelly fish 水母shark 鲨鱼turtle 海龟crocodile 鳄鱼医疗场景核心词汇ointment 药膏penicillin 盘尼西林preventive injection 预防针have an operation 动手术give a prescription 开药方make an appointment 预约abscess 脓肿tummy upset 肠胃不适pills 药丸eye drops 眼药水mixture 合剂capsule 胶囊vitamin 维他命bandage 绷带medication 药物antibiotic抗生素tablet 药片syringe 注射器aspirin 阿司匹林have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通stiff neck 脖子发僵cholera 霍乱tummy upset 脓肿pills 肠胃不适have/catch a cold 感冒symptom 症状have a sore throat 嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a fever 发烧have a headache 头痛have a cough 咳嗽have a toothache 牙痛allergy 过敏症feel dizzy 头晕twisted/sprained 扭伤的feel chilly 觉得发冷asthma 哮喘diabetics 糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate 呕吐diarrhea 腹泻skull 颅骨；头盖骨rib 肋骨backbone 脊骨；脊柱shoulder joint 肩关节bone 骨lung 肺heart 心脏vein 静脉artery 动脉internal organs 内脏gullet 食管stomach 胃liver 肝脏kidney 肾脏skeleton 骨骼muscle 肌肉joint 关节blood vessel 血管brain 脑throat 喉咙，咽喉nipple 乳头windpipe 气管pit 胸口navel 肚脐abdomen 腹部thigh 大腿nerve 神经human bodyhead 头forehead 额throat 喉咙、咽喉neck 脖子shoulder 肩armpit hair 腋毛pit 胸口chest 胸部nipple 乳头navel 肚脐wrist 手腕abdomen 腹部thumb 大拇指fingernail 指甲thigh 大腿shin 胫骨instep 脚骨big toe 大脚趾hair 头发temple 太阳穴muscle 肌肉backbone 脊骨；脊柱back 背waist 腰hip 臀部buttock 屁股palm 手掌blood vessel 血管calf 小腿heel 踵（zhong）sole 脚底课程学习核心词汇commerce/trade/trading 贸易customs 海关customs duty 关税quota 配额；限额item 项目；细目commercial transaction 买卖；交易manufacturer 制造商；制造厂middleman 中间商；经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 商人sale 销售bulk sale 整批销售wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业cash sale 现货hire-purchase 分期付款购买competition 竞争trademark 商标domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade/external trade 对外贸易；外贸terms of trade 贸易条件free-trade area 自由贸易区import/importation 进口importer 进口商export/exportation 出口exporter 出口商commercial channels 商业渠道consumer 消费者；用户client/customer 顾客；客户buyer 买主；买方stocks 存货；库存量purchase 购买；进货competitor 竞争者competitive 竞争的unfair competition 不合理竞争registered trademark 注册商标registered office/head office 总公司；总店facilities 设施divisions 系departments 系campus 校园Common Room/House公共休息室canteen 食堂dining hall 食堂cafeteria 自助餐厅accommodation 住宿car park/parking lot/area 停车场shopping mall 购物中心deadlines 截止日期attendance 出勤率homesickness 想家financial 财务的plagiarism 作弊Administration/Admin Office 管理办公室Laboratory/lab 实验室Student Union 学生会Auditorium 会堂；礼堂lounge, gymnasium/gym 体育馆locker room 更衣室library 图书馆the School of Law 法学院law faculty 法律系/学院New Students Enrolment 新生报道处Recreation Center 娱乐室teaching building, lecture theater 阶梯教室rlanguage 语言too high expectations 期望值太高wrong courses 选错了专业technical terms 科技术语/词汇faculty 教职员总称图书馆场景核心词汇renew 续借available 可以借到的out on loan 已经借出的interlibrary service 图书馆之间相互借书locker room 更衣室resource center 资料中心audio-visual resources 音像资料中心newspapers 报纸journals （学术性的）杂志periodical(magazines and journals) 定期刊物almanacs 年鉴atlas 地图集bibliography 书目in circulation 在书库里touch-screen service 触摸屏stacks 书库photocopying room 复印室open/closed reserve 可以外借的/只准在图书馆看的重要或热门书籍current/back issue 最新的/过期的一期category 种类librarian 图书馆员encyclopedia 百科全书test papers 考试卷常见同义词替换1、解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2、损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3、给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4、培养：Develop, cultivate, foster5、优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9、认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10、保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11、确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15、导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17、增长至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to19、保持稳定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out20、急剧地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably21、平稳地：Steadily, smoothly, slightly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly22、宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23、发生：Happen, occur, take place24、原因：Reason, factor, cause25、发展：Development, advance, progress26、有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous27、影响：Influence, impact, effect28、明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29、占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30、与…相比：Compared with, compared to, in comparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to31、对比而言：By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely32、展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33、大约：Approximately, almost, about, around, nearly, roughly34、波动：Fluctuate, go ups and downs, display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation35、事实上：Practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that36、换言之：Namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle常见地名一、U.K. /the United Kingdom/Great Britain 英国（大不列颠）London 伦敦England 英格兰Liverpool 利物浦Manchester 曼彻斯特Sheffield 谢菲尔德Birmingham 伯明翰Coventry 考文垂Leeds 利兹Scotland 苏格兰Glasgow 格拉斯哥Edinburgh 爱丁堡Wales 威尔士Cardiff 加的夫North Ireland 北爱尔兰Belfast 贝尔法斯特二、Ireland 爱尔兰Dublin 都柏林三、Australia 澳大利亚Canberra 堪培拉Queensland 昆士兰州Brisbane 布里斯班New South Wales 新南威尔士州Sydney 悉尼South Australia 南澳大利亚州Adelaide 阿德莱德Victoria 维多利亚州Melbourne 墨尔本Western Australia 西澳大利亚州Perth 珀斯Section 1旅游，租房，搬家，办驾照，找工作，购物，订餐Section 2旅游，图书馆，招聘，活动介绍，健康保健,电台节目Section 3 conversation口头陈述---presentation作业布置---assignment论文讨论---essay科学话题探讨商业、经济话题讨论Section 4 lecture动物--- zoology植物--- botany环境问题--- environment医疗--- medical care发明创造事件--- invention历史事件---historic events艺术——art交通--- transportation新生见面会讲座--- orientation meeting八大命题原则顺序原则放弃原则所听即所得原则重读、重复原则语气突变原则路标词原则常识逻辑推理原则正态分布原则地图题给出地点名称，寻找图中相应位置。