on the desk, 介词短语。
3. The demanding boss wasn’t satisfied with my work. 4. That building being repaired is our library.
being repaired, 现在分词短语, our, 形容词性代词。
【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动 语态, 宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。 例如： He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公认为是最佳选手。 (不定式作主语补足语)
6. Brought up in the country, 过去分词短 语表原因。
四、补足语
补充说明主语的称为主语补 足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补 足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容 词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动 词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并 指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介 词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分 词 )。
demanding, 现在分词, my, 形容词性代词。
5. He is one of the students that have been late.
5. one, 数词; that have been late, 定语从句。
6. The excited boys burst into cheers.
7. His speech was boring. 7. boring，现在分词。
8. The whole class got excited at the good news. 8. excited， 过去分词。
二、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定作 用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词 性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、介词短 语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被 修饰词之前, 但若修饰复合不定代词(如 something)时, 或者是短语或定语从句作定 语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。
练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出 定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词 性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分 词还是定语从句） 1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
1. beautiful, 形容词, many, 数词。
2. The wallet on the desk is mine.
练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表 语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容 词、介词, 不定式, 分词，还是表语从句)。
1. My wallet is on the desk. 1. on the desk, 介词短语。
2. The book isn’t mine. 2. mine,名词。
3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. 3. yellow , 形容词。
4. Feeling tired, 现在分词短语表原因， without supper, 介词短语表方式。
5. He lost his job because of his lack of patience.
because of his lack of patience介词短语表 原因。
6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
4. He has become a police officer. a polic is that we should start at once. that we should start at once., 表语从句。
6. My suggestion is to leave at once. 6. to leave at once, 不定式短语。
1. They elected John monitor. 1. monitor名词。
2. He treated his mistake as a joke. 2. as a joke，介词词组。
3. We heard her singing a song. 3. singing a song, 现在分词短语。
6. excited，过去分词。
7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.
7. woman，名词；good，形容词。
三、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副 词, 或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的 时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等， 作状语的典型词类是副词, 也可以是介 词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。
4. He told me to make my own decision. 4. to make my own decision, 动词不定 式。
5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. 5. wrong , 形容词。 6. He watched an insect caught by a bird. 6. caught by a bird，过去分词短语。
练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状 语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定 式、分词、状语从句)。
1. He did his homework carefully at home.
1.carefully, 副词，at home，介词词组。
2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
句子成分II：表语/定语/状语/补语
一、表语
系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的 动词, 如：be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。 系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词 类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副 词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、分 词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓 语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。
2.to do some shopping不定式作目的状语; on Sunday介词短语表时间。
3. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .
3. When I grow up, 时间状语从句。
4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.