Green and healthy housing 绿色和健康的住房The basic role of a house has not changed since humans lived in caves. It shelters us from the elements and provides a place to live, work, and play. Initial responses fron architects and engineers to that early crisis were to explore such alternative energy sources as active and passive solar heating systems. Years of experimentation followed until the premise of that direction was questioned. Instead of replacing the energy source, why not reduce the need for it ? That questioned to the development of what were called super insulated homes, some of which required as little as 5% of the energy used by conventional homes at the time. But initial applications of this technology suffered serious problems with moisture generated from normal household activities and resulted in s focus on indoor air quality. That focus evolved beyond moisture and resulting biological contaminants to gradually include radon and other soil gases , volatile organic compounds, and combustion pollutants.房子的基本作用没有改变自人类住在山洞里。
它我们遮挡了元素和提供一个地方生活、工作和娱乐。
最初的反应出发,建筑师和工程师,早期危机是探索这样的替代能源作为主动和被动太阳能加热系统。
年的实验后的前提下,方向是质疑。
而不是把能量来源,为什么不减少需要它吗?那质疑发展什么被称为超级绝缘房屋,其中一些需要尽可能少使用能源的5%,当时传统的住宅。
但这种技术的初始应用遭受了严重问题与水分产生正常的家庭活动,并导致年代专注于室内空气质量。
专注进化超越水分和产生的生物污染物逐渐包括氡和其他土壤气体、挥发性的有机化合物和燃烧污染物。
In recent years, house design and construction issues have brosdened beyond energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality to include embodied energy content and durability of construction materials.A green house is s high-performance home with respect to its energy use and a healthy home regarding its indoor environmental quality. Its small carbon footprint also makes it an earth-friendly home. The challenge facing designers facing designers and builders is to incorporate each of these concerns into the housing process without compromising affordability, aesthetics, or function . In other words, green design represents construction techniques that minimize impacts on the natural environment and create healthy indoor spaces for building occupants.近年来,房子的设计和建设问题已经扩大超出能源效率和室内环境质量,包括具体能源内容和耐久性的建筑材料。
一个绿色的房子年代高性能回家就其能源使用和一个健康的家庭室内环境质量关于其。
它的小的碳足迹也使它成为一种环境友好的家。
设计师所面临的挑战和建筑商面临设计师是将每个这些担忧房地产过程不影响负担能力、美学、或函数。
换句话说,绿色设计代表了施工技术,减少对自然环境和创造健康的室内空间的住户。
The environmental benefits of green design include a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Reductions come principally from less energy used for space conditioning but also fron lower manufacturing and transportation.costs associated with building materials .绿色设计的环保效益包括:减少二氧化碳的排放。
削减主要来自更少的能量用于空间条件作用也较低的制造和运输出发。
建筑材料的相关成本。
Other significant benefits of green buildings might result from improved well-being of the occupants, Nearly all materials used in buildings shed particles or give off gases, particularly when new. Outside pollutants also find their way into buildings through air intakes and inadequate filtering systens. Such indoor environments can affect the physical and psychological well-being of building occupants.其他重要好处绿色建筑可能源于人类福祉改善的居住者,几乎所有材料用于建筑颗粒脱落或释放气体,特别是当新。
外界污染也发现进入建筑通过空气过滤系统和不适当的摄入量。
这种室内环境会影响生理和心理健康的住户。
Indoor Environmental Quality 室内环境质量From 1992 through 1994 , the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted the probability-based National Human Activity Pattern Survey . The results showed that Americans spent, on average, 87% of their timeindoors . This time was broken down into 69% of the time at home and 18% of the time indoors but not at home , including work , school , shopping , and restaurant. Sociological studies also suggest that the time Americans spend indoors has remained fairly uniform over the past few decades. These studies indicate that most of our time is spent in the artificially controlled environments of buildings, particularly homes . Therefore , it is imperative that the indoor environment be designed to avoid negative effects on occupant health and to enhance occupant well-being.从1992年到1994年,美国环境保护署进行了概率国家人类活动模式的调查。
结果表明,美国人花了,平均而言,87%的时间在室内。
这一次是分解成69%的时间在家里,18%的时间在室内但不在家,包括工作、学校、购物、和餐馆。
社会学的研究也表明,美国人花在室内的时间一直较为均匀过去几十年。
这些研究表明,我们的大多数时间都花在人为控制的环境的建筑物,特别是房屋。
因此,当务之急是室内环境设计,以避免负面影响居住者的健康和提高居住者健康。
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 室内空气品质(IAQ)Indoor air may be defined as the air within a building occupied for a period of at least one hour by people in varying states of health . The U.S. Deparment of Health attributes the rise in indoor air pollution and associated health.The U.S. Department of Health attributes the rise in indoor air pollution and associated health problems to reduced ventilation and increased use of synthetic building materials.室内空气可以定义为建筑物内的空气占领一段至少一个小时,人们在不同国家的健康。