核心动词：1.想，认为think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe, maitain,2深思熟虑，仔细考虑ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect3.培养cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish4.加强，巩固strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce,5.显示，表明manifest,display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicat e,illustrate,reflect6.确认，证实verify, confirm, establish,affirm7.断言，宣称declare,claim,allege,assert,state8.支持，维护,拥护support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion9.反对oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to10.解决(问题，麻烦)solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle 11.导致，引发，引起give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in,12.建议，提议suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward,13.阻止，阻碍,限制prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit14.影响have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway 15.增长，发展，提高increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,r aise,facilitate,boost,promote16.下降，减少decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump17.实现，完成fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain18.提供，给予supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield19.占。

（百分比）take up,amount to,account for,reach20．适应adjust to, adapt to, get accustomed to,condition.. on 21.谴责，责怪condemn,blame,criticize,reprimand,reproach,censure,deno unce,accuse..of,charge..with22.监管，监督，指导supervise,monitor,instruct,oversee,govern,regulate,dire ct,administer23.颁布，实施，执行implement,issue,carry out,apply to24.反驳，驳斥dispute,debate,refute,argue,contradict,oppose核心名词：1.观点，主张,提议idea,belief,assertion,proposition,suggestion,recommenda tion2.假设hypothesis,assumption,presumption3.方法，理论，措施way,method,means,process,approach,theory,measure4.政策,制度，条例policy,regulation,rule,law5.比率rate,ratio,proportion,percentage,share,protion6.平衡，均衡，和谐banlance,equilibrium,harmony,7.问题，麻烦，争端，冲突issue,problem,conflict,contrast,clash,contradiction,opp osition,controversy8.竞争,contention,contest9.处境，状况，现状circumstance,state,condition,situation,status quo10.事件，现象incident,fact,event,occurrence,phenomenon11.后果，结果consequence,result,outcome,influence,cause and effect(因果关系),side/after-effect(副作用)12.争论，不和，差异difference,dispute,debate,distinction13.优势，好处advantages,virtues,merits,boons,benefit14.劣势，不利，阻碍disadvantage,flaws,demerits,banes,handicap,burden,obstr uction,obstacle15.青少年,青年teenager,juvenile,adolescent,youngster,youth16.媒体media,the print media(印刷媒体),the electronic media(电子媒体),the press(新闻界),media hype(媒体炒作) 17.控制control,grip,master,domination,government,rule,monopoly (垄断)18.保存，储藏conservation,reserve,preservation19.花费，开销expense,cost,expenditure,payment,outlay,toll,consumptio n,disbursement20.改革，改良reform,improvement,evolution21.威胁，危机crisis,threat,menace核心形容词：1.惊人的staggering,incredible,astounding,amazing,astonishing,su rprising,stunning,alarming,shocking2.非凡的，卓越的，显著的remarkable,marvelous,striking,wonderful,notable,extraor dinary3.重要的，重大的,决定性的important,significant,main,major,foremost,predominant,c rucial,critical,urgent,pivotaldecisive,vital4.破坏性的devastating,ruinous,destructive,damaging5.许多的，很多的，大量的numerous,various,myriad,a great many of, a great deal of 6.不同的，多样的，有分歧的divergent,variant,varying,diverse,distinct7.强大的，强有力的powerful,mighty,forceful补充整理：绝不：by no means under no circumstances in no case on no occasion考虑：take•into consideration account think about make allowance(s) for sth 由于/因为：insomuch as •because for the reason /occasion that result from as• since now that in that be owed to be attributed to be ascribed to arise from/out of •by occasion of sth影响：exert a profound/far-reaching impact on就我而言： so/as far as I am concerned as far as my knowledge is concerned 就••而言：As far as •is concerned In terms of•In case of•别无选择我，只能••： have no alternative but•众所周知：It is universally acknowledged that•It is well- known to all that •As is well-known to all,•只有••才能••： Only by doing•could sb do•大： big<immense<titanic=vast=gigantic=tremendous=enormous正如常言所说：（just）as the saying/proverb goes ...一定会：be bound /determined /guaranteed/certain to do掌握： have a grasp /command of sth正在：be under way=be on the point /course of =be about to=be on the verge of听说：hear of sth变得惊慌：get into a panic取得进展：make progress in doing sth advance in step forwards课程：compulsary/selective subject 必修课/选修课婉转的说：to put it mildly对••的瘾：addiction to接触: reach out to / have access to…be exposed to expose sb to..树立••的榜样：cultivate the •example for sb即••：namely有/承担••的义务：assume the responsibility of shoulder be responsible for阻止：hold back prevent sb from doing sth keep sb away from doing sth hinder put a check on sth deflect sb from doing sth avert sth intercept sth在内心深处：in one’s heart of hearts in the cockles of the heart表示数量的词1.少数几个：a few +n(c,pl)2.没几个，否定含义：few +n(c,pl)3.少量： a little + n(u)4.没多少，表否定：little +n(u)5.很多much +n(u)6.很多many +n(c,pl)7.很多a lot of/lots of+n(c,pl/u)8.大量：a great /good deal of +n(u)9.少量 a bit of +n(c,pl/u)10.大量：an/a great/a large abundance of+(c,pl/u)11.大量：an/a large amount of+n(u)12. a great many+n(c,pl)13.大量: a great many of 冠词/物主代词/所有格 +n(c,pl)14.大量: a plenty of=plenties of+ n(c,pl/u)15. 大量：a large number of + n(c,pl)16.许多：many a+n(c,sing.)17.足够的：ample + n.(c,pl/u.)18.无数的： numerous +n.(c,pl)19.足够的：sufficient+n(c,pl/u)20.无数的：countless +n(c,pl)21. a variety of +n(c,pl)+n(c,pl)23.天文数字的花费：astronomical cost24.过量的/多余的：excess superfluous redundant25.额外的： extra added additional大多数情况下： in most cases on most occasions in the normal course of •事情并非如此：It is not the case that一••就••,刚••就••： soon as …,…时态无所谓scarcely had sb done than didhad sb done when+ past tense had no sooner done than did sooner had sb done than didhad hardly done than did moment +n(如his arrival 他的到来),…常识：common sense为了：in order to…/so as to…/for the sake of…非常：most/exceedingly/tremendously/rather/extraordinarily/considerably/fabulously随之时间的流逝：with the passage of time,…随着…的积累：as …begin to accumulate反对/打击：be opposed to do=object to do disagree dispute that…remonstrate with sb about sthProtest that…/aginst…show disapproving attitude raise one’s voice aginst disapprove of…dissent from…frown in…=oppose (doing) sth /fight aginst实现：realize =bring about(带来)=lead up to显而易见的/明显的：obvious apparent evident manifest doubtless transparent distinct深入理解：have (further) insight into..丰富阅历/开阔视野：enrich one’s experience widen one’s horizon expand one’s outlook昂贵的：costly expensive dear luxurious机会垂青有准备的人：chances only favour those who are ready/prepared引起/导致：bring about/forth give rise to raise cause lead up to prompt incur(招致) be to blame forResult in arouse(唤起人的••)=evoke=call forth=awake occasion compel one’s attention(引起关注)恰恰相反：on the contray,……,but it is just opposite that…相比之下：by /in contrast ,…by comparision,…compare to/with…科学发展观：view of scientific development可持续发展 sustainable/sustained development广告：commercial advertisement迫切的：urgent pressing insistent戏剧的：theatrical生活质量：quality of life=life quality…的原因是…（表语从句）:The reason why …is that…在…的背景下…:under the background of…纳税人：taxpayer孝心：filial piety /obedience诚信：credit and honest误入歧途：go astray stray into sth金钱至上：mony-oriented毫无：haven’t the slightest+n.遭到/面临…：meet with+abstract n. confront(面临) face sth be face with in the face of sth encounter(遇到困难，邂逅某人) run into sb(巧遇) come across(遇到)袖手旁观：turn a blind eye to… stand by and…受..引诱：be tempted/fascinated/lured/attracted by…. Be interested in fall into temptation be intoxicated byBe absorbed in吸引：appeal to../attract…/tempt…/fascinate…/lure…/capture one’s heart/draw one’s attention /magnetize/engageMesmerize/captivate沉迷于: be addicted to…/abandon oneself to…/be hooked on…/be intoxicated by/be indulged in/revel in与…有关： be associated to/related to/connected with/involved in/concerned with/link up with/bound up withConcerning A…:关于A，考虑到A。