Acquisition is a process similar to the way children acquire their first language. It is a subconscious process without minute learning of grammatical rules
Learning as another route, refers to conscious efforts to learn the second language knowledge by learning the rules and talking about the rules
Register
The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register
Stops p b t d k g
Fricatives f v s z
Bilabial p b
Labio-dental F v
Alveolar t d s z
Velar k g
Context: it is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the hearer and the speaker
Knowledge of what language use
Knowledge of what have been said before
Knowledge about the world in general
Knowledge about the specific situation in which linguistic communication is taking place Knowledge about each other
The naming theory
The conceptualist view
contextualism Time and place hearer and speaker actions they are performing
objectives exist in the situation
behaviorism
synonymy Dialectal synonym
stylistic synonym
synonym differ in emotive and evaluative meaning
collocational synonym
semantically different synonym
polysemy
Homonymy homophones 同音异议
Homographs
Hyponymy 上下意关系
Superordinate 坐标词
Hyponymy 下意词
X entails Y X 是小范围等同于Y is the entailment of X
X presupposes Y X 是以Y为前提的Y为条件等同于Y is the prerequisite of X
Interlanguage is defined as an abstract system of the learner’s target language and it has now been widely refer to the linguistic expressions learners produce especially the wrong or not idiomatic ones。