第四章 不定积分习 题 4-11.求下列不定积分: (1)解:C x x x x xx x x x+-=-=-⎰⎰-25232122d )5(d )51((2)解:⎰+x x xd )32(2C xx x ++⋅+=3ln 296ln 622ln 24 (3)略. (4) 解:⎰⎰⎰-+-=+-x x x x x x x d )1(csc d 11d )cot 11(2222=C x x x +--cot arcsin(5) 解:⎰x xxd 2103 C x x xxxx+===⎰⎰80ln 80d 80d 810 (6) 解:x x d 2sin2⎰=C x x x x ++=-=⎰sin 2121d )cos 1(21 (7)⎰+x x x xd sin cos 2cos C x x x x x x x x x x +--=-=+-=⎰⎰cos sin d )sin (cos d sin cos sin cos 22 (8) 解:⎰x xx xd sin cos 2cos 22⎰⎰-=-=x x x x x x x x d )cos 1sin 1(d sin cos sin cos 222222 C x x +--=tan cot(9) 解: ⎰⎰⎰-=-x x x x x x x x x d tan sec d sec d )tan (sec sec 2=C x x +-sec tan(10) 解:},,1max{)(x x f =设⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤≤--<-=1,11,11,)(x x x x x x f 则.上连续在),()(+∞-∞x f Θ,)(x F 则必存在原函数,⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧>+≤≤-+-<+-=1,2111,1,21)(32212x C x x C x x C x x F 须处处连续,有又)(x F Θ)21(lim )(lim 12121C x C x x x +-=+-+-→-→ ,,21112C C +-=+-即)(lim )21(lim 21321C x C x x x +=+-+→→ ,,12123C C +=+即 ,1C C =联立并令.1,2132C C C C +==+可得.1,12111,211,21},1max{22⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧>++≤≤-++-<+-=⎰x C x x C x x C x dx x 故2. 解:设所求曲线方程为)(x f y =,其上任一点),(y x 处切线的斜率为3d d x xy=,从而 ⎰+==C x x x y 4341d 由0)0(=y ,得0=C ,因此所求曲线方程为 441x y =. 3.解:因为 x x x cos sin sin 212='⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛,x x x sin cos cos 212='⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x x x x cos sin 2sin 212cos 41=='⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-所以x 2sin 21、 x 2cos 21-、 x 2cos 41-都是x x cos sin 的原函数.习 题 4-21.填空. (1)21xx d = d (x 1- + C) (2)x x d 1 = d (x ln + C) (3)x e xd = d (xe + C) (4) x x d sec 2= d (x tan + C) (5)x x d sin = d (x cos -+ C) (6) x x d cos = d (x sin + C) (7)x x d 112- = d (x arcsin + C) (8)x x x d 12- = d (21x -+ C)(9)x x x d sec tan = d (x sec + C) (10)x x d 112+ = d (x arctan + C)(11)x xx d )1(1+ = d (2x arctan + C) (12) x x d = d (22x + C)2.求下列不定积分: (1) 解:⎰+x x x d 42)4d()4(21)24d(41221222++=++=⎰⎰-x x x x=C x C x ++=++4)4(2212(2) 解:x x x d ln 4⎰C x x x +==⎰5ln )d(ln ln 54(3) 解:⎰x xexd 21C e x e x x +-=-=⎰11)1d((4) 解:⎰++x e e e x x x d )22(32C e e e e e ex x x x x x+++=++=⎰22131)d()22(4332(5) 解:⎰-294d x x C x x x x x +=-=-=⎰⎰23arcsin 31)23(1)23d(31)23(12d 22(6) 解:x x x x d )ln (ln 12⎰+C xx x x x x +-==⎰ln 1)ln d()ln (12 (7) 解:x x x x d ln ln ln 1⎰11d(ln )d(ln ln )ln |ln ln |ln ln ln ln ln x x x C x x x ===+⎰⎰(8) 解:⎰-+x e e x x d 1C e e e x x x +=+=⎰arctan )d(112 (9)解:2211()(12)24x x x C =--=--= (10)解:3222222133d d 3323x x x x x x dx x x x +-==+++⎰⎰⎰22222131131(3)ln(3)22322dx d x x x C x =-+=-+++⎰⎰ (11)解:3x x x =+2234)38x x =+-2arcsin3x C =+(12)解:211111d d d 2(2)(1)321x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫==- ⎪---+-+⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰ 12ln 31x C x -=++ (13)解:2111sin ()d (1cos2())cos2()2()224t t t dt dt t d t ωϕωϕωϕωϕω+=-+=-++⎰⎰⎰⎰11sincos2()24t t C ωϕω=-++ (14)解:31d cos (arccos )x x arc x x ==-⎰ 21(cos )2arc x C -=+(15)解:2lncot lncot 1lncot 1lncot d d csc d dcot sin 22sin cos 2cot 2cot x x x xx x x x x x x x x x===-⎰⎰⎰⎰ 211ln cot dln cot (ln cot )24x x x C =-=-+⎰ (16)解:222x ==⎰2C =+(17) 解:⎰x x d cos 4x xx x x d 42cos 2cos 21d )22cos 1(22⎰⎰++=+= x x x d )42cos 22cos 41(2++=⎰ ++=42sin x x x x d 24cos 1⎰+++=42sin 3x x C x+44sin(18) 解:x xx xx d cos sin cos sin 3⎰-+C x x x x xx +-=--=⎰323)cos (sin 2)cos d(sin cos sin 1(19) 解:⎰x x d cos 3⎰=x x x d cos cos 2)d(sin sin 12⎰-=x x C xx +-=3sin sin 3 (20) 解:x xx d 1102arccos ⎰--=-=⎰)d(arccos 10arccos x xC x+10ln 10arccos (21) 解:x xxd 1arcsin 2⎰-C xx x +==⎰2arcsin )d(arcsin arcsin 2 (22) 解:⎰x xx d sin cos C x x x+==⎰sin 2)d(sin sin 1(23) 解:⎰x x x d cos sin 53⎰⎰--==x x x x x x cos d cos )cos 1(cos d cos sin 5252C x x +-=68cos 61cos 81 (24) 解:35tan sec d x x x =⎰⎰⎰-=x x x x x x sec d sec )1(sec sec d sec tan 4242C x x x +-=57sec 51sec 71 (25) 解:C x x x x x x x x ++-=-=⎰⎰cos 219cos 181d 2sin 9sin d 4sin 5cos(26) 解:⎰x x x d sec tan 43⎰⎰+==x x x x x x tan d )1(tan tan tan d sec tan 2323C x x x ++=56tan 41tan 61 (27) 解:令t x =6,则6t x =,t t x d 6d 5=,代入原式得C t t t t t t t t t x x x +-=+-+=+=+⎰⎰⎰arctan 66d 1116d 6)1(1d )1(1225233=C x x +-66arctan 66 (28) 解:设2tan ,sec x t dx tdt ==,则21td d sectx t t ==⎰sin t C C =+=+(29) 解:)1d(1)1(1)1d(1)1(1d 112222xxx xxx x x x⎰⎰⎰-=--±=-μ )1)1d((1)1(1222--=⎰xxμ1)1(22-=x μC x x +-=212(30)解:设3sec ,3sec tan x t dx t tdt ==,则2233tantdt tan (sec 1)22x tdt t dt =⨯==-⎰⎰333(tan 1)arccos )222t C x =-+=+(31)解:设2sin ,2cos x t dx tdt ==,则222=4sin dt x t =⎰12(1cos2)dt =22sin cos 2arcsin 22x t t t t C C =--+=-⎰(32)解: 22111d 2323313x dx x x x x =++++⎰⎰211111)()1833344()39x dx x C x +==+=+++⎰(33)解:1)4x x x =+14x C =+++ (34)解:1)2x x x ==-1)x C =-+习 题 4-3求下列不定积分 (1)解:⎰x x x d 2sin )2cos d(21⎰-=x x ⎰+-=x x x x d 2cos 212cos 2 C x x x ++-=2sin 412cos 2(2)解:⎰-x xe x d C e xe x e xe e x x x x x x +--=+-=-=-----⎰⎰d d(3)解:⎰x x x d ln 2⎰⎰⎰-=-==x x x x x x x x x x d 3ln 3)d(ln 3ln 3)3d(ln 23333C x x x +-=9ln 333 (4)略.(5)解:⎰x x x d cos 2⎰⎰⎰-=-==x x x x x x x x x x x d sin 2sin d sin sin sin d 2222x x x x x x x x x x d cos 2cos 2sin cos d 2sin 22⎰⎰-+=+=C x x x x x +-+=sin 2cos 2sin 2(6)解:因为⎰-x x exd 2sin ⎰--=xe x d 2sin )2d(sin 2sin ⎰--+-=x e x e x x)d(2cos 22sin ⎰----=x x e x x e )2d(cos 22cos 22sin ⎰---+--=x e x e x e x x x ⎰------=x x e x e x e x x x d 2sin 42cos 22sin于是⎰-x x e xd 2sin C xe x e x x +--=--52cos 22sin (7)解:⎰x x x d arctan 2⎰⎰-==x x x x x x arctan d 3arctan 33d arctan 333⎰+-=x x x x x d 131arctan 3233⎰+-+-=x x xx x x x d 131arctan 3233 C x x x x +++-=)1ln(31arctan 3223 (8)解:⎰x x x d cos 2⎰⎰+=+=x x x x x x x d )2cos (21d 22cos 1⎰+=x x x x d 2cos 2142 ⎰+=x x x 2sin d 4142⎰-+=x x x x x d 2sin 412sin 4142 C x x x x +-+=2cos 812sin 4142 (9)解:⎰x x xd arcsin 1⎰⎰-==x x x x x x arcsin d 2arcsin 2d arcsin 2⎰--=x xx x d 11arcsin 2C x x x +-+=12arcsin 2(10)解:⎰x e x xd 32x x xx x e x e x x xe e x e x 33233232d 923d 323d 31⎰⎰⎰-=-== C e xe e x x x x ++-=3332272923(11)解:因为⎰x x d ln cos ⎰⎰+=-=x x x x x x x x d ln sin ln cos ln cos d ln cos⎰-+=x x x x x x ln sin d ln sin ln cos ⎰-+=x x x x x x d ln cos ln sin ln cos于是⎰x x d ln cos C xx x x ++=2ln sin ln cos(12)解:⎰''x x f x d )(C x f x f x x x f x f x x f x +-'='-'='=⎰⎰)()(d )()()(d习 题 4-4求下列不定积分(1)解:⎰-x x x d 13⎰⎰⎰-+++=-+-=x x x x x x x x d 11d )1(d 11123 C x x x x +-+++=1ln 2323 (2)解:⎰--+x x x x x d 8345⎰⎰---+++=x xx x x x x x d 8d )1(322⎰⎰+---+++=x x x x x x x d )13148(d )1(2C x x x x x x ++---+++=1ln 31ln 4ln 82323 (3)解:⎰+-++x x x x x d )1)(2(1322222x x d 21⎰-=x x x x x x d )1(43d 12222⎰⎰+--++--+ x x x x x x x x x d )1(4)1()1d(23d 1121)1d(212ln 22222222⎰⎰⎰⎰+-++-+-++--= C x x xx x x x +-+-++-+--=arctan 212)1(23arctan 2)1ln(212ln 222(上式最后一个积分用积分表公式28)(4)解:⎰-+-x x x x x d )1(411622⎰---+=x x x x d ])1(1124[2 C x x x +-+-+=111ln 2ln 4C x x x +-+-=11)1(ln 22 (5)解:⎰-+-x x x xxd 123x x x x d )1)(1(2⎰+-=x x x x x d 11211d 212⎰⎰+---= C x x x +++--=arctan 21)1ln(411ln 212(6)解:⎰+x x 2sin 3d ⎰-=x x 2cos 7d 2x u tan =⎰+243d u u⎰+=2)32(1d 31u u C x +=3tan 2arctan 321(7)解:⎰++311d xx31x t +=⎰+t t t 1d 32t t t d )111(3⎰++-=C t t t +++-=1ln 232(8)解:x xx xd 11⎰-+x x t -+=11⎰+-t t t t d )1)(1(4222t t t t d )121111(2⎰+++--= C t t t +++-=arctan 211ln习 题 4-5利用积分表计算下列不定积分: (1)⎰+-245d xx x解:因为⎰+-245d xx x ⎰-+-=2)2(1)2d(x x在积分表中查得公式(73)C a x x a x x +++=+⎰)ln(d 2222现在1=a ,2-=x x ,于是⎰+-245d x x x C x x x +-+-+=)245ln(2(2)⎰x x d ln 3解:在积分表中查得公式(135)⎰⎰--=x x n x x x x n n n d ln )(ln d ln 1现在3=n ,重复利用此公式三次,得⎰x x d ln3C x x x x x x x +-+-=6ln 6ln 3ln 23.(3)x x d )1(122⎰+解:在积分表中查得公式(28)⎰⎰+++=+bax xb b ax b x x ax b 2222d 21)(2d )(1 于是现在1=a ,1=b ,于是=+⎰x x d )1(122 C x x xx x x x +++=+++⎰arctan )1(21d 21)1(2222 (4)⎰-1d 2x xx解:在积分表中查得公式(51)C xaa x ax x+=-⎰arccos 1d 12 于是现在1=a ,于是⎰-1d 2x xx C x+=1arccos(5)x x x xd 222-⎰解:令1-=x t ,因为x x x x d 222-⎰x x x d 1)1(22--=⎰t t t t d 1)12(22-++=⎰ 由积分表中公式(56)、(55)、(54)C a x x a a x a x x x a x x+-+---=-⎰2222222222ln 8)2(8dC a x x a x x +-=-⎰32222)(31d C a x x a a x x x a x +-+--=-⎰2222222ln 22d于是x x x x d 222-⎰2222)1())1(2[81a x a x x -----=C a x a x x a +--+--+--322222])1[(31)1(1ln 85.(6)⎰-12d 2x xx解:在积分表中查得公式(16)、(15)⎰⎰+-+-=+b ax x xb a bx b ax b ax xxd 2d 2C bbax b bax xx +-+-=+⎰arctan2d 于是现在2=a ,1-=b ,于是=-⎰12d 2x xx⎰-+-12d 12x x xx x C x xx +-+-=12arctan 212 (7) ⎰x x d cos 6解:在积分表中查得公式(135)⎰⎰----=x x nn x x n x x n n nd cos 1sin cos 1d cos 21 现在6=n ,重复利用此公式三次,得⎰x x d cos 6C xx x x •x x ++++=)22sin 41(2415sin cos 245sin cos 6135. (8)x x e x d 3sin 2⎰-解:在积分表中查得公式(128)C bx b bx a e ba x bx e ax ax+-+=⎰)cos sin (1d sin 22 现在2-=a ,3=b ,于是C x x e x x e axx +--=⎰-)3cos 33sin 2(131d 3sin 2 C x x e ax++-=)3cos 33sin 2(131.本章复习题 A一、填空.(1)已知)(x F 是xx sin 的一个原函数,则))(d(2x F = x x x d sin 22. (2)已知函数)(x f y =的导数为x y 2=',且1=x 时2=y ,则此函数为 12+=x y .(3)如果⎰+=C x x x x f ln d )(,则)(x f = 1ln +x . (4)已知⎰++=C x x x x f sin d )(,则⎰+x e f e x x d )1(=C e e x x ++++1)1sin(.(5)如果⎰+=C x x x x f 2sin d cos )(sin ,则)(x f =x 2.二、求下列不定积分.(1)解:x x x d 2cos 1cos 12⎰++x x x d 1cos 21cos 122⎰-++=x xx d cos cos 12122⎰+=x x d )sec 1(2⎰+= C x x ++=tan(2)解:⎰+xex 1d ⎰⎰----++-=+=x x x x e e e x e 1)1d(1d C e x++-=)1ln( (3)解:x xxxd 42532⎰⋅-⋅x x xx d )21(5d )43(2⎰⎰-=C x x++-=-2ln 254ln 3ln )43(2 (4)解:x x d )(arcsin 2⎰x xx x x x d 1arcsin 2arcsin 22⎰-⋅-=221d arcsin 2arcsin x x x x --=⎰x x x x x x arcsin d 12arcsin 12arcsin 222⎰-+--=C x x x x x ++--=2arcsin 12arcsin 22(5)解:令1+=x t ,则12-=t x ,于是⎰+1d x xx C t t t t t t t t t t t ++-=+--=-=-=⎰⎰⎰11ln d )1111(1d 2)1(d 222 (6)解:x x x d )1(223⎰+x x x x x x x x x x x d )1(d 1d ])1(1[222222⎰⎰⎰+-+=+-+= C x x ++++=)1(21)1ln(2122 (7)解:⎰-221)(arcsin d x x xC xx x +-==-⎰arcsin 1)d(arcsin )(arcsin 2(8)解:x xx d 4912⎰--=x xx x xd 49d 49122⎰⎰---)49d(49181)32d()32(12331222x x x x --+-=⎰⎰C x x +-+=2494132arcsin 21 (9)解:⎰x x x d sec tan 45==⎰x x x sec d sec tan 34⎰-x x x sec d sec )1(sec 322⎰+-=x x x x sec d )sec sec 2(sec 357C xx x ++-=4sec 3sec 8sec 468 (10)解:令t x sin =,)2π,2π(-∈t ,于是 ⎰-+211d x x ⎰⎰⎰⎰-=+-=+-+=+=2cos)2d(cos 1d d cos 11cos 1cos 1d cos 2tt t t t t t t t t t t C x x x C t t t t x C t t +---=+-=+-=211arcsin 2sin2cos 22sin2sin 2arcsin 2tan(11)解:⎰x e x x d 23C e e x x e e x e x x x x x x +-=-==⎰⎰222222121d 2121d 212222(12)解:x xxd ln ln ⎰C x x x +=⎰ln ln ln d ln ln三、设 1100,2,1,1)(>≤≤<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=x x x x x x f ,求⎰x x f d )(.解:上连续在),()(+∞-∞x f Θ,)(x F 则必存在原函数,使得1100,,21,)(32221>≤≤<⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧++++=x x x C x C x x C x x F , 须处处连续,有又)(x F Θ)21(lim )(lim 22010C x x C x x x ++=++--→-→ ,即,21C C = .)21(lim )(lim 221321C x x C x x x ++=+-+→→ ,即 23231C C +=+ ,1C C =联立并令.1,2132C C C C +==+可得故⎰x x f d )(1100,21,21,22>≤≤<⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧+++++=x x x C x C x x C x .四、若,d tan I ⎰=x x n n ,,3,2Λ=n 证明:21tan 11----=n n n x n I I . 证明:因为⎰=x x n n d tan I ⎰⎰-==--x x x x x x n n d )1(sec tan d tan tan 2222 ⎰⎰---=x x x x x n n d tan d sec tan 222⎰⎰---=x x x x n n d tan tan d tan 2221tan 11----=n n x n I 故 21tan 11----=n n n x n I I .本章复习题B一、填空.(1) xe x 121--; (2) c x x +-331; (3) 21232534154c x c x x +++ (4) c e x x +---2)12(2 二、求下列不定积分.(1)x ee xxd arctan 2⎰解:=⎰x ee x x d arctan 2xx e e 2d arctan 21-⎰-=]d 1)(11arctan [21222x e e e e e x x x x x ⎰+--- =]d )11(arctan [2122x e e e e e xx x xx ⎰+----=C e e e e x x x x +++---)arctan arctan (212。