estimates total water consumption arising from conventional urban living using an Australian residential building and its occupants as a basic unit of the built environment. The aim of this paper is to estimate the total water demand for a case study consisting of a dwea 50-year period.
b
School of Natural and Built Environments , University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia E-mail
2
Abstract
This paper analyses both direct and indirect water consumption of a conventional
7
Life cycle water of the house and its occupants
8
Results of analysis—Financial and other services
9
Results of analysis—Financial and other services
项目 花 费 / 月 生产部门（总水要求, (A$) kL/A$1000） 每年用水 生 活 循 环 （kL） 水（kL）
11
Difficult sentence
To establish a clearer view of the total demand that individual households create on water supplies, a comprehensive
assessment of the water consumed and embodied within a house and all the goods and services purchased by its occupants is required so as to target better water conservation content strategies and inform water management practice.
I-O analysis uses national average data that models the financial
flows between sectors of the economy to represent the flow of goods and services between them . These financial flows can be converted into water terms with the use of water tariffs for embodied water analysis
6
Life cycle water of the house and its occupants
Initial construction of the house Maintenance and refurbishment of the house Operational water requirements of the house Belongings Consumables Financial and other services Motor vehicles Holidays
房子的抵押服务 房屋保险 物业管理费
水和污水的比例
1000 50 125
40
银行(11.4022) 保险(5.9377) 政府管理(16.0395)
供水、污水和排水服务 (61.119) 通讯服务(19.1959) 电力供应(468.5887) 天然气供应(23.5498) 保险(5.9377) 社区服务(29.2595) 教育(9.1904) 总计
Life cycle water analysis of a residential building and its occupants
Author affiliations
Robert H. Crawforda* & Stephen Pullenb
a
Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning , The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
136.8 3.6 24.1
29.3 27.6 337.4 21.2 13.5 175.6 55.1 824.2
410.4 178 1205
1465 1380 16870 1060 675 878 716 28531
电 话 和 互 联 网 收 120 费 用电消耗 天然气消耗 医疗保险 儿童保育 教育 60 75 190 500 500
3
Structure
Introduction
Background
Life cycle water of the house and its occupants Results of analysis Conclusions
content
4
Introduction
The research described in this paper
Indirect water is the water used to create and deliver materials and
resources that go into the main product (such as the water required in the manufacture of building materials).
表六：在50年期间金融和服务方面的用水量
10
Conclusions
This study has shown that direct water consumption is a small proportion (6.4%) of life cycle water usage of a residential building and its occupants. The indirect water embodied in the materials used to construct, maintain and refurbish the dwelling over 50 years was 9.7% of the total. However, this is far exceeded by the water embodied in goods and services consumed on a regular basis, especially food, at 46% of the total life cycle water demand of the residential building and its occupants. Variations to the makeup of the household used in this study, including the size and location of the house, consumption levels and standard of living, may all vary the figures presented. However, it is likely that regardless of the specific differences between households, the consumption of food products and other consumable products would still represent the most significant component of the total demand.
5
Background
Direct water is the water consumed in the main production of the
specific product being analysed, such as the water used on-site in the construction of a house.
Australian residential building and its occupants over a 50-year period. The results show that the direct water consumption to operate the house is only 6.4% of the total, with a further proportion embodied in the materials of the dwelling. The water embodied in consumable items, especially food, is the most significant, representing 46% of total household water demand.
为了建立一个更清晰的可观的总需求量，家庭创建供 水，对于房子和所有它的居住者购买的商品和服务的 用水进行综合评估和呈现是很必要的，以更好的节水 策略和目标服务。
12
THANKS
13