. 时间状语从句1． before, as, as soon 常用引导词：when, as, while, after, since , till, until second, moment, the the 特殊引导词：the minute, the instant, immediately , every time, the day，directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when until was my how special mother I didn't realize I became an adult. cooking. was his wife John While was watching TV, ), The children ran away from the orchard(果园 the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. ．地点状语从句2where 常用引导词： wherever, anywhere, everywhere 特殊引导词：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. ;.. .

Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句 §4 等引wherever地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, 导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如： there）＋主句。1：Where＋地点从句，（ 句型【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”； 可用可不用；如果主句在从句主句在从句后面时，there 。例如：的前面时，一般都不用thereWhere there is no rain, farming is difficult or 在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本impossible. 不可能的。They were good persons. Where they went, there 他们都是好人。因此他们they were warmly welcomed. 走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。it. found book where you the You should have put 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there 哪里有了中国共产党，哪里the people are liberated. 人民得解放。 Anywhere/ wherever2 句型：＋地点从句，＋主句。;..

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本身是个副词，但是，常可以引【注意】anywhere wherever, anywhere导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于而引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。wherever 例如：有Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen. 3 海就有海员。 快乐如 回答者： 原因状语从句． 3because, since, as, for 常用引导词： seeing that, now that, in that, 特殊引导词： considering that, given that. My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. ．目的状语从句4so that, in order that 常用引导词：;..

. the ，in for fear that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that the with to hurry up The boss asked the secretary letters so that he could sign them. the that on purpose The teacher raised his voice students in the back could hear more clearly. 结果状语从句． 5 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, the that, to to the degree 特殊引导词： such that, extent that, to such a degree that, bus. first caught the early got up so that he He It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. couldn't he he excited that degree To such a was sleep last night. 条件状语从句6．if, unless, 常用引导词： as/so long as, only if, 特殊引导词： providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that ;.. .

We'll start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 让步状语从句7．though, although, even if, even 常用引导词： though ，)特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 in spite of ，no matter …，一般用在句首 )while ( the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal. 我却不同意他的建议。 尽管我很尊敬他，The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. change not tried, she could he how No matter hard her mind. He won't listen whatever you may say. ;.. .

． 比较状语从句8) 不同程度的比较同级比较), 常用引导词：as(than( …，just as the more … ; … 特殊引导词：the more so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. be. will healthier exercise, the you The more you 食物之Food is to men what oil is to machine. 于人，犹如油之于机器。 方式状语从句． 9as, as if, how 常用引导词：the way 特殊引导词： When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

三、条件状语从句 if, unless (=if not) 表示状语从句由连词引导。 要

点： 1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. ;.. .

. 如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足 2.You will get good grades if you study hard. . 如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩 3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too. .) 我就去如果他不去, 我会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.( 4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.

immediately, 你将会迟到的.(=If you don't leave 如果你不马上走, you will be late.) 当主句是将来时, 难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用 . ,的时候从句要用一般现在时 lHe will not leave if it isn't fine tomorrow. 一般现在时 一般将来时， lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn't rain next week. , 一般现在时 一般将来时

because , since , as , for,辨析.难点——提出的why because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 1） 。as或 since问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 号，则可以 because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 2） 由 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只用for for。能用He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 的区别：和 3) asfor 引导的从句在主句后。例：as引导的从句在主句前，for 通常情况下， （同义句） As the weather is cold, I stay at home. I stay at home, for the weather is cold.