模板素材一、综合写作常用词汇：1、对材料的指称：①听力：the speakerthe lecturerthe professorthe listening materialthe lecturethe talk②阅读：the writerthe authorthe reading materialthe writingthe passage2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语：①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语：refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳disprove + n 反驳, 证明...为误deny + n 或+ that 否定，否认challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(…的正确性) question + n 置疑(…的正确性或合理性) cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑doubt + n 或+ that 怀疑oppose + n 反对object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对be against 反对be contrary 相反be opposite to 相反contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触，有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with Bbe conflicting to 抵触，有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同②支持、强化关系的词或短语：support + n 支持back + n 支持enhance + n 增强，强化strengthen + n 加强uphold + n 支持，维护justify + n 为…辩护，证明…的是正当的3、陈述材料内容的词和短语：sayaccording to the lecture (reading passage) adv.state + that 说; 陈述remark + that 谈起，说make the point that + 从句take the position that + 从句propose + to do / + that 提议，主张maintain + that 主张，认为argue + that 争辩到, 认为indicate + that 表明，指出suggest + that 提出，表明mention + n 提及，说起note + n 或+ that 指出，说到claim + that 声称，断言assert + that 断言, 声称（formal）affirm + that 断言；肯定（formal）contend + that 声称，主张（formal）allege + that 宣称, 断言（formal）put forward + n 提出point out + that 指出conclude + that 断定4、表示转折关系的词和短语：①adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless / in comparison②conj. while / whereas / although /yet/but5、表示转承的词和短语：①first, first of all, the first reason / point②second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point，additionally③third, finally, in the end6、其他有用的词汇：basis n. 根据grounds n. 理由，原因evidence n. 证据proof n. 证据groundless adj. 无根据的，无依据的unwarranted adj. 无根据的，不敢保证的incorrect adj. 不正确的improper adj. 不合适的，不恰当的inappropriate adj. 不合宜的，不适当的incomplete adj. 不完全的，不完整的exemplify + n 举例说明illustrate + n / + that 举例说明cast light on 使…显现given that… 考虑到in that …由于, 因为regarding prep. 关于concerning p rep. 关于with regard / respect to p rep. 关于in term(s) of …就…而言in light of…就…而言on the respect of …. 在…方面7. 因此As a resultAs a consequenceAccordinglyConsequentlyTherefore,Hence,Thus,Thereby二、综合写作黄金句型：1、首段（稍作转换亦可用于中间段）⏹The lecture…, which … the main idea in the reading that …⏹The professor … . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer … adifferent / contradictory / opposing idea that …⏹Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that …, theprofessor … that …⏹The professor … the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned /discussed / stated in the passage that … by saying that …⏹The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passageis groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is …ed in the lecture. The lecture …2、中间段⏹The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a …viewby saying that …⏹As regards to / in terms of …, the listening material …the readingmaterial. …⏹Another important point …in the reading material is that … but thelistening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that ….⏹The second / third point / reason / evidence …in the reading passage isthat… . Contrary to it is the professor’s …that …⏹Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage,, the lecturer ...⏹The passage …but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor …⏹The passage… while the lecture… . This was another part where (the … of)the lecture … (the … in ) the passage (that…).⏹Finally, the professor …. that … , which … t he standpoint made by thewriter who said that …三、综合写作句型集打造个性化模板模版范例：It is …ed in the lecture that…, which …the passage. According to the passage, …First, contrary to / opposite to / opposed to the …in the passage that…, the professor …that …The second … in the reading / by the author is that … however, the lecture .... This is another point / part where the lecture …the passage.Finally, the author of the passage …that …. Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage, the lecturer ...反驳关联套句1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.5.not as the passage puts it, ….6.Unlike described in the passage7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim9.actually/in fact/in deed10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…指代文章信息的抽象名词：1.reason cause basis ground motive motivation2.example instance3.evidence date fact proof basis foundation4.explanation account5.definition description clarification6.assumption premise hypothesis guess7.conclusion belidf idea opinion judgment view notion argument theo ry8.issue matter topic problem subject concern9.acknowledgement observation10.statement point detail11.advice appeal proposal plan scheme recommendation12.benefit advantage improvement指代讲座信息的抽象名词1.studies researches2.finding discovery3.alternative explanation theory4.counter-example counter-evidence5.claim assertion6.objection refutation charge7.remark comment。