CYCLE OF OPERATIONS/CONCENTRATIO N
Practically, other factors to consider are:
在实际操作上，还应考虑其它因数：
boiler blow-down control practice(boiler attendant) 锅炉排污控制 （锅炉工的操作习惯)
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS/CONCENTRATI ON
What if Cycle is high: 如果浓缩倍数 高
lesser chemical used 药剂消耗量少 higher TDS 溶解固体浓度高 higher scaling tendency 结垢趋势加强 lesser feed-water demand 给水量少 lesser fuel demand 燃料用量下降
INTERPRETING NALCO
PSRS
如何理解 NALCO服务报告
OBJECTIVE 目的
Objective: to provide a basic understanding of the terms, definition used in the PSRs
介绍服务报告上使用的术语的定义
浓缩倍数
Cycles =the number of times the concentration of impurities in boiler against the feed-water 浓缩倍数＝炉水中杂质与给水中杂质浓度 之比
可测定氯根，TDS，或任何可溶性离子来计算。 例如： 给水种氯离子25ppm，锅炉水中氯离子250ppm
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS/CONCENTRATI ON
What if Cycle is Low: 如果浓缩倍数低
wasting water and fuel 浪费水和燃料 higher chemical cost 药剂用量上升 boiler will be cleaner 锅炉内部更干净 more blow-down 排污量上升
Benefits: to improve the communication of PSR content to readers from the writer.
提高服务报告阅读者和书写者之间的相互沟通
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
客户要求
Your want to: 您希望
be briefed on the current status of your systems(focusing on concerns and non-conformance)
POLYMER IS THE KEY FOR SUCCESS
availability of intermittent auto blow-down devices 锅炉是否装备自动间歇排污设备
steam demand vs. boiler output 蒸汽产量与需求量 之比
steam purity and application 蒸汽的纯度要求
ORTHOPHOSPHATE 正磷酸 盐浓度
OPO4 is the hardness inhibitor in phosphate program
在磷酸盐方案中，正磷酸盐是硬度的阻垢剂
It is used to condition the calcium hardness into calcium phosphate before it is removed through blow-down
它将钙硬度转变成不溶解的悬浮磷酸钙，随排污排除 锅炉
通常控制范围： 30－60ppm
ORTHOPHOSPHATE 正磷酸 盐浓度
What if orthophosphate is below range: 如果正磷酸低于控制范围
To be scaling 发生结垢
即 N1741加药量不足，会引起结垢。
对系统的目前运行状况进行简要的概述 to know what is the impact and implication of
them(non-conformance) on the process 知道各分析数据对生产有什么影响
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
be given alternatives to resolve it if you decided to 提供解决方法
be briefed the detail action and recommendation to be taken 简述具体的建议和步骤 how to do? 如何作 when to be done? 何时完成 what is required? 有何需要 etc. 等等
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS/CONCENTRATIO N
浓缩倍数= 250/25=10
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS/CONCENTRATIO N
Optimum cycle is individual for each plant, depending on: 各工厂的最佳浓缩倍数各不相同 ，取决于
silica level and control 二氧化硅浓度 TDS in feedwater 给水的总溶解固体 suspended solids in feedwater 给水中的悬浮固体 boiler cleanliness 锅炉内部的清洁程度 hardness leakage in feedwater 给水中的硬度
ORTHOPHOSPHATE
Overfeed of N1741, OPO4 is over range: 如果N1741投加量，正磷酸盐超标
higher TDS in boiler and lower cycle 增加TDS、降低浓缩倍数
higher solids 不溶解固体相应增加 higher treatment cosFra bibliotek 处理费用上升