第一章Britishthe republic of ireland became independent in the year(1949)the british empire was replaced by the british commonwealth in(1931)the English people and the English language were born from the union of(norman conquerors an the defeated anglo-sax ons the first known settlers of Britain were (the iberians)about 80000 scots speak gaelic which is an ancient (celtic language)the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient(celts)the average population density in Britain is(250)people per square kiloin 1066 harold and his troops fought against William on Senlac field near(hastlings)the Plantagenet dynasty was found by(henry 2)english reformation was carried out by(henry8)simon de Montfort reform beginning of English (parliament)from 1649 to 1658,it was ruled first by oliver Cromwell as(lord protector)it was during the reign of(anne)the the name great Britain came into being in 1707the 1851 london great exposition was held in the crystal palace designed by queen(victoria)husband albert.the house of commons has(650)members of parliamentbritish conservative party(tory)party in the 18th centurythe house of common is headed by（the speaker）the economic policy in the 1950s and 1960s was based on(john maynard keynes)in Britain less than(2/)are farmersbritain became a net exporter of oil in the(1980s)the following financial institutions have their headquarters in London except(royal bank of scotland)to stimulate economic recovery, the thacher polcies but(interventionism)britain is the(sixth)largest trading nationbritish oil fields were discovered on the(north sea)the national health service was established in(1948)(central government)is directly responsible for the nhschildren up to the age of (16) can receive family allowance for children(the baptists)is not among the anglican churches(the Methodist church)is the largest of the free churchesthe principal non-Christian communities in Britain are(the jews)the church of scotland is a(Presbyterian)(the free churches)in Britain have also been known as dissenters(7) roman catholic provinces in great Britainthe church of english has two provinces, they are(Canterbury and york)there are some (90)universitiesthe universities of oxford and cambridge date from the (12th and 13th)(public schools)are independent schoolssecondary education in(northern ireland) is selectiveharrow school is a(public school)higher education is usually defined as advanced course of a standard higher(gce a level)the following universities belong to red brick except(glasgow)the leading scientific society in Britain is(the royal society)the times is a (quality daily) the daily mirror is a popular daily(the mail on sunday)is the most read sunday newspaperof the following four sports,(cricket)has the longest historythe beatles was a band from(liverpool)the bbc is financed principally by(an annual television license fee)第二章America(the appalachain highlands)ex tend from the northern tip of marine southwestwards to Alabamawhat is the leading commercial crop of the south(tobacoo)which midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world(detroit)one of the most important lakes is(superior)which is the largest fresh water lake in the wordnew england lies in (the northeastern part)the smallest state is(rhode island)the largest city along the pacific coast is(los angeles)the progressive movement wanted to(initiate strict government regulation) to stop big business controlthe 1920s has been described as (material success and spiritual frustration)the purpose of the new deal measures was to (save American democracy and the capitalist system)at the time of cuban missile crisis the president is (kennedy)new frontier and war on poverty were initiated by(pre kennnedy and johnson)the conservatism during the Reagan was known as(the new right)the current situation of african americans presents(a mixed picture)cuban americans mainly live in(florida)now about 80/ to90/of immigration is from(Asian and latin American countries)the first immigrates in American history came from England and netherlandsamong the major hispanic groups the largest is(mexican)among the hispanic groups(Cuban a)have the highest social statuspolitical parties are the basis of political system (but A constitution C founding father)two major parties today have(some)differencesthe us congress has the power to override the president vote by a (2/3)majorityservice industries account for about(three fouths) of the us gross domestic productthe westward expansion is a demonstration of (individualism)as the world leading maker of industrial goods the us now produces around (25/) of industrial productsthe american social security system includes the following programs except(medicaid)americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of (65)the main federal welfare programs in the usa consist of except(medicare)belongs to the single issue oriented voluntary organization(NCH)belongs to the religious welfare organization(CCHD)among private foundations, which increasingly prominent in private charity activity?(bill and Melinda gates) the government will require most americans to have health insurance by (2014)(FHA)provided loans to companies willing to build low rent accommodation for needy peoplethere are currently(94)district courtsthere are currently(11)courts of appeals(solicitor general)argues cases for the government before the supreme courtthe grand jury consists of(16-23)ordinary citizensmurder is the main cause of death among non white males between the age of(24-45)(great) diffeence in tuition rates between public and private institution of high learningthe community college (offers associate degrees)elementary and secondary education covers(12)yearspublic policies and legal decisions emphasizing special rights for ethnic and linguistic minorities except(proposition227) the catholic faith was first brought to the north by(the spanish)the great waves of jewish immigration start in(1836)by the end of the seventeenth century (puritanism)lose its energiesthe first great awakening of (18th century)god role in direting the fortune of his chosen peoplethe second great awakening of(19th century)church membership range of sectarianismthe (first)amendment of constitution states thatminority religion is deemed by the mainstream religion to advocate beliefs against the public interest(mormonism) protestant witnessed significant loss of members except(evangelists)postwar evangelicalism has made use of (tv)to reach massive auiencecontemporary religious groups is relying upon big rallies to draw Christian men(promise keepers)one of the first activities at home is to(doing repair work)one out of every(3)volunteershigh brow culture except(ballet)the super bowl refers to(football)第三章Canadaindigenous peoples aboriginal make up about(3)percent Canada inhabitantscanada occupies north of latitude(49)Nthere may be (2million)lakes in Canadathe largest lake is(the great bear)(the st lawrence)is the largest river in volume of waterthe largest island is(Baffin island)provinces in canadian interior plains except(quebec)(chiese)is the fastest growing mother tongue(british Columbia and alberrta)were beneficiaries of the westward movement(nunavut)is the first large political unitkanata mean(a settlement)(Jacques cartier)was the first french to discover canada(Samuel de champlain)found the first permanent settlement at quebecin 1774 the british passed(the quebec act)canada given internal selfgovernment(1849)(sir john maconald)was the first prime ministerin 1905(albert and saskatchewan)were carved out of the northwest territoriesin 1967(o canada) was approved as th e national anthemthe canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism(1969)quebec voters narrowly rejected secession in the(1995)referendumalmost (half)of the land is covered by forestsbritish columbia ranks (first)in the productivity of forestsmost farmland is located in (the prairie provinces)sea animals most important exports from the atlantic coast except(salmon)much of pre confederation history revolve the profitable (fur trade)Canada is the world largest producer expect(nicket)Canada is the world(tenth)largest exporter of oil0.6percent population (4/)exportslargest trading partner(the us)federation of (ten)provices(three)territories(the constitution of 1982)cut the last legal tiethe constitution of 1982 gather the acts into a single framework and added(the Canadian charter of rights ad fredoms)Canada is divided into(308)districts called ridings(105)senators in the canadian parliaamentQuebec has a (civil law)system based on (the french)in canada general elections once every(five years)the third party with a tradition of national support is(the new democratic party)in 2003 the progressive conservatives and the (canadian alliance)form a new party conservative partyin (1971)government adopted a policy of multiculturalismas far as canadian education each province has its own system because(education is primarily the responsibility of provincial government) according to (Canada health act)canada health systemshould provide services regardless of incomethe first church sponsored university is(king college)the federal department of environment was established in(1971)the official language act was passed in (1969)the charter of the French language in (1977)the largest protestant denomination is(the united church )july 1st dominion day became canada day in(1982)in canada thanksgiving day (the second Monday of oct)第四章Australiaaustralia is (the sixth largest) countrymost australians live on the cool wet forested (southeast )australia is politically divided into (six)states and (two)territoriesthe only city on the western coast population of more than one million is(perth)adelaide the capital of south australia (arts festival)tasmania is a island(south of the southeastern corner)(the northern territory)forms the essence of the australia outbackThe corals of the great barrier reef fringe the coastline of(Queensland)more2000kilometerstorres strait islanders live on(the island between the tip of Queensland an Papua new guinea)australian aborigines the land was create during (dreamtime)aboriginal culture disrupted by(European settlement of australia from 1788)massacres large numbers of aborigines died(the impact of dieases)first europeans who reached australia were (the Spanish and Portuguese)in 1788australia was settled as a colony to(receive convicts from britain)australia day (January 26)(melbourne)the financial an commercial center of australia during the gold rushin the 1950s australia stressed the importance of association with the united states (ANZ US)Whitlam proposed reforms except (establishing a republic)in(1999)the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum(wheat )is the leading grain cropofficial estimates suggested that a total of (one fifth)was native forestfishing zone ranks(third)in sizemanufacturing now contributes about(one eighth)to gdpaustralia boasts the world largest known recoverable resources except(gold)australia ranks (first) in both gem or near gemtelecommunications and it market is the(tenth)the australia constitution can only be changed by (referendum)in australia each state has(12)senators(queensland)has only one house in the state parliamentparty politics started in 1910 when (Australia votera began to choose between the labor party an liberal party) oldest surviving political party is(the Australia labor party)the present form of the liberal party was refounded in (1944)by(Robert menzies)the liberal party has been in coalition with (the national party)since 1923the largest minor party in australia is (the Australia democrats )the interpreting power of the constitution belongs to (the supreme court)the effective end of the white australia policy is dated to(1972)the first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the(fraser)school education is compulsory until age (15)among sunday papers (sun telegraph)is the most widely circulatedanzac day on(april 25) troops Gallipoli ww2the oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in(perth)第五章New Zealandthe largest lake in new Zealand is(lake taupo)the highest peak in new Zealand is(mount cook)volcanic mountains in the north island ex pect(mt cook)the most serious natural disasters are (earthquakes and volcano eruptions)(kiwi)is the flightless bird(80/)of the population of new Zealand is of europeanthe first european to reach new Zealand was(abel tasman)maori refer to the Europeans as(pakeha)in (1840),new Zealand constitution act new Zealand was grant self governmentin the year of(1907)new Zealand changed from being a colony to a separate dominionin (1893)new Zealand first country to give women the right to vote(1947)new Zealand gained its full independencemmp came into effect with the(1996)elections(rugby union football)is traditionally the favorite national sportnew Zealand schooling is compulsory for children aged 6 to 16waitangi day(February 6)not true of the political system in new Zealand (has a written constitution)in 1993 a referendum on(whether new Zealand should adopt a voting system of proportional ) the constitution act of(1986)cut the last remaining ties of new Zealandto the britishthe two largest parties in new Zealand are (labor and national)new Zealand depends on increasing its export income by(diversifying its products)the closer economic relations cer between Australia and new Zealand in(1982)。