2. the nature of translation
Translation means translating meanings(Nida).
……
3 the rules of translation
Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) :
3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos”
3.5 钱钟书： 化境
Sublimed adaptation
3.6 傅雷：
“神似”论 spiritual conformity
Polysystem translation theory Deconstruction theory Culture turn in translation …
2. the nature of translation
Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural inte001）
The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty.
The translation of Western natural science and social science works (1840-1919)
The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance
3.3Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect”
Discuss with your partners: How do you perceive translation? As a language activity? As an art? As a kind of cross-cultural communication? As a job? As a subject?
“transfer of a text from a source language into a text in target language, the objective being a perfect equivalence of meaning between the two texts.”(Tanke ,1976)
The mass translation since 1978.
Famous translators of Fujian origin:
林纾、严复、辜鸿名、林语堂、冰心、 郑振铎、张培基、朱纯深、陈羽纶、余 光中……
《福建翻译家研究》林本椿 主编， 福建 教育出版社，2004
What is translation?
skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop
your own language, both native and foreign language.
2. the nature of translation
英汉翻译教程
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION!
1. The history of
translation
1.1 the story in the Bible
Tower of Babel
Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heaven, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.”
? Why
Understanding
A language activity: one of the five skills in learning English
An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translation theory and
2. the nature of translation
Translation is a science/ an art/ a craft/ a skill/ an operation/ a cross-linguistic communication/ a cross-cultural communication/
王国维（1877年— 1927年）
1.2 the earliest translation in Egypt
3000 BC
1.3 the history of translation In China
The translation of Buddhist scripture from East Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty.