Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th centuryChapter 1 Thomas CarlyleHe was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh UniversityHe is a literary criticSartor ResartusThe French RevolutionHeroes and Hero-WorshipPast and PresentChapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers1 John RuskinHe is a critic. Art criticism and social criticismHe is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evilsModern Painters2 Matthew Arnold3 MacaulayChapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）① < In Memoriam>悼念To memorialize his friend② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889A follower of Shelley①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思③Pippa PassesElizabeth Barrett Browing:①<Sonnet from the Portuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗He introduced to English poetry a new form ,the dramatic monologueHe has been praised as a "a genius in courageous and high- hearted figure", well-known for buoyant optimism.Chapter 5 the Rossettis and Swinburne1 Dante Gabriel RossettiPoem: The Blessed Damozel2 Christina Georgina RossettiPoem: Goblin Market3 Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat4 Algernon Charles SwinburneChapter 6 William MorrisPoet, artist, socialistPoem:The Defence of GuenvereThe Life and Death of JasonThe Early ParadiseSigurd the V olsungThe aim of his works is to bring beauty into the life of his countrymenProse:A Dream of Jhon BallNews from NowhereChapter 7 literary trens at the end of the century1 naturalism:Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Euope. According to the naturalism, literature must be ture to life and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without any selection. They usually write about the life of the poor and oppressed, or the slum life, they can oly represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real life.George Gissing,: <New Crub Street>2 neo-romanticismDissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions. They laid emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public. They led the novel back towards stiry-telling and to romance.Robert Louis Stevenson <Treasure Island>金银岛3 aestheticismArt for sake. Art should serve no religious, moral or social ens, nor any end except itself.Walter Pater:< Studies in the History of the Renaissance> later called The RenaissanceHte "Conclusion" of the The Renaissance is acrystallization of his faith in the pursuit pf beauty as the sole "success of life".Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）① 4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest>认真的重要<Lady Windermere’s Fan>温德米尔夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importance>一个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husband>理想的丈夫② Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray>多利安•格雷的画像③ Fairy Stories:<The Happy Prince And Other Tales>快乐王子故事集Part 8 20th century English literatureChapter 1 the new century: social and historical background1911-1914 three great strikesThe colonial division of the world by the capital powers had been completed by the end of 19 WWI1914-19181929, economic crisis broke out1930s, were called Red DecadeChapter 2 English novel of early 20th century1 the realistThey sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.Samuel Bulter, George Meredith, Herbert George Wells2 Rudyard Kipling"the bard of imperialism"诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost LegionArnold Bennett:The Old Wive's TaleJoseph Concrad①<Lord Jim>吉姆爷②<Heart Of Darkness>黑暗的心1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMiddle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Y et, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corruptmentThe book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.4.Character【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.5.Narrative StructureIn Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story.Henry James:Daisy MillerThe portrait of a LadyThe Wings of the DoveThe ambassadorsThe Golden BowlKaterrine Mansfield:In a German PensionBlissThe Garden PartyChapter 3 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲Chapter 4 John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争Chapter 5 the Irish dramatic movement1 the Abbey Theatre and Lady Gregory2 John Millington:A playwriterThe play boy of the Western WorldRiders to the SeaSean O'Casey:The Shadow of a GunmanJuno and PaycockThe Plough and the StarsChapter 6 George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist⑴ Plays① Plays Unpleasant<Mrs Warren’S Profession>华伦夫人的职业<Widowers’ Houses>鳏夫的房产② Plays Pleasant<Arms And Man>武器与人<The Man Of Destiny>左右命运的人③Plays<Man And Superman>人与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<The Apple Cart>苹果车<Saint Joan>圣女贞德Chapter 7 Some poets of Early 20th centuryA group of war poets who wrote old-fashioned patriotismRupert brookeJohn MasefieldAlfred Edward housmanChapter 8 modernism in poetryImagism:An Anglo-American poetic movement flourishing in the 1910s. An imagist is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. So the imagist poetry is a kind of shaking off the convwntional metres and emhasizing on the use of common speech, new rhythms and clear images.William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家；The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）⑴ collections①<The Wind Among The Reeds> 苇风<Responsibilities> 责任②<The Tower> 塔<The Winding Stair> 旋转的楼梯⑵ Poems<Easter 1916>复活节，1916<The Second Coming> 第二次来临/再世<Sailing To Byzantium> 到拜占庭航行Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）⑴ Poems①<The Waste Land>②<Four Quartets>四个四重奏③<The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock>⑵ Plays①<Murder In The Cathedral> 大教堂谋杀案Chapter 9 the psychological fictionModernist fiction emphasis on the description of the characters' psychological activities, so sometomes been called modern psychological fixtion.Novelists① James Joyce② David Herbert Lawrence③ V irgirnia Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930①<Sons And Lovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of character andrefinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated bya warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath herown class.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons.She hopes that they will become outstanding【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of theworld around him. He struggle to free from his mother’s influence, but he failed.After his mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.Theme:Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy wa y of the individual’s psychologicaldevelopment lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexualimpulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presentingthe psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships,Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novelOedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers②<The Rainbow>虹③<Women In Love>恋爱中的女人④ <Lady Chatterley’s Lover>查特莱夫人的情人James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<A Portrait Of The Artist As A Y oung Man>一个青年艺术家的肖像<Finnegans Wake>芬尼根的苏醒<Dubliners>都柏林人Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness① Novels<Mrs Dalloway>达洛维夫人<To The Lighthouse>到灯塔去<The Waves>浪<The Lighthouse><Jacob’s Room> 雅各布的房间<Orlando> 奥兰朵<Between The Acts>幕间Chapter 10 Robert Tressell: a working-class novelistThe Ragged Trousered PhilanthropistsChapter 11 Maexist literay criticismRalph Fox:The Novel and the People:1 It presents a distorted and falsified picture of life. It opposes the principles of hunmanism.2 the book is inspired by a profound love for the traditions of materialism and realism in English literature.3 it regards the history of English literatureChristopher Caudwell:Illusion and RealityStudies in a Dying Culture。