被动语态专题
◆定义
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
◆被动语态的时态：
“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。
请看下表：
◆主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。
第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。
)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句：
主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.
被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.
随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）
1.Bruce writes a letter every week.
→
2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→
3.We grow trees every spring.
→
4.My mother cleans our room every morning.
→
补充：
①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。
用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….
用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……
随堂演练：
（1）He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（2）My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
②S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。
补充：
在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。
使役动词let除外。
使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）
I saw him play football on the playground just now.
→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.
随堂演练：
1. We saw them _______(play) football.
They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.
2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.
She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.
另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。
I can hear him singing.
He ________ _______ ______ _______.
◆被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
The photos were taken in Japan.
①(改为否定句)
②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）
◆被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
My bike was stolen yesterday.
(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。
The pen was used by my father.
【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。
不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。
◆被动语态注意点
➢含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。
She took good care of her grandmother.
→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.
随堂演练
1.People often talk about that film.
That film is often talked ______.
2.He looks after me very well.
I ________________________________.
3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.
The sick man __________________.
4. We should speak to the old people politely.
The old people should _______________politely.
➢主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)
a)某些连系动词: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。
主动形式表示被动意义。
The music ________(听起来) interesting.
b)说明主语特征、状态的词。
这类词通常主动表被动。
grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）
随堂演练
1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.
2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass ______ easily.(容易碎)
3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)
4. That book is sold here. It ________/_______well. (卖得好) (读起来好)
5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _______well. (洗起来好)
6. I like eating the food. And it ______ well (吃起来好)
7. He _______by a car yesterday. Now, his head _________(疼)badly.
c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，
通常主动表被动。
d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式
表达被动意义。
need doing sth = need to be done
want doing sth = want to be done
require doing sth = require to be done
be worth doing sth 值得被做某事
My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。
我的旧自行车需要修一下。
随堂演练
My clothes need ___________ (wash).
The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
The house needs __________(repair).
➢表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to
随堂演练
1. In summer, leaves ________(落下) .
2. His car ________(抛锚了)on the way here.
3. An accident _____(发生) and he _____(死了).
4. Great changes __________(发生) over the years.
5. A big cloud ________(出现) when the sun _______(消失).
6. Our teacher told us the sun ________(升起) in the east.。