托福听力分类词汇汇总植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub /bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither /shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure 根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat 脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花carnation康乃馨jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦微生物学antibody 抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌生物学biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性survival of thefittest适者生存origin ofspecies物种起源wildenvironment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor接收器nerve /specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma/ cellmembrane细胞膜cell wall 细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity遗传mutation ofspecies 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/ 变形mutation变种variation变异动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order 目suborder 亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian /amphibiousanimal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory /carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes /swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesyste生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas 胰水生动物jellyfish水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro /octopus 章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙cay men /crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna /tentacle触须larva幼虫生态学ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance ofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制waterpollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage /wastewater污水sewagepurification污水净化swagedisposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trashgarbage 垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acid rain 酸雨sewagedisposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body/ heavenlybody 天体celestial map /sky atlas 天体图celestialsphere 天球dwarf / dwarfstar 矮星quasar 类星体constellation星座galaxy / MilkyWay银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter 木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outerspace 太空，外层空间spacecraft /spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut /spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere 光球；光球层chromosphere s色球；色球层chromosphere s-corona transition zone色球-日冕过渡层sunglow日冕sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitationalforce 吸引力molten融化的leap year 闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时vapor 蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist /humid潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog /mist雾smog烟droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour /torrential rain大雨tempest(storm) /torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard /snowstorm暴风雪avalanche /snow slide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon 台hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster /calamity /catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-rangeforecast 长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图地理学hemisphere 半球meridian子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics ofCancer 北回归线tropics ofCapricorn 南回归线internationaldate line 国际日期变更线timedifference时差time zone时区topography地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau /highland 高地lowland 低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain 地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanicisland 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta 三角洲landlockedarea 内陆inlandwaterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside /mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf 大陆架canyon /gorge 峡谷channel /strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat /geothermal地热terrestrialmagnetism 地磁continentaldrift 大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石Mediterranea n Sea地中海the primevalforest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord 峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory 版图；领土；地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice 悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖地质学crust 地壳mantle地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault断层fault plane断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration /decompositio n分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma /molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera（开口较大）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake /quake /tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensity scale震烈度seismic wave地震波transversewave 横波longitudinalwave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentraldistance 震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Coloradoriver 科罗拉多河crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge凸起物考古学archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropo logist 古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate 起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画建筑学architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque清真寺the statue ofliberty 自由女神像the triumphalarch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle 城堡政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (cheque/bill/d raft) 承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence 富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的教育学higher education高等教育moral character道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni校友treasurer 生活委员/财务大臣electivesystem选课制度curriculum课程（总称）discipline学科/管理learn by rote死记硬背encyclopedias百科全书/专科全书人物artist 艺术家choreographe r舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian 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plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schools ofliterature 文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music /wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboardinstrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium 指挥台accompanime nt伴奏quality音质volume音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声美术（绘画和雕塑）fine arts 美术oil painting油画water color 水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画muralpainting /fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscapepainting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction /replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionisti c style 印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。