Hospitalization Costs for Chronic Complications of Diabetes in the US
Ophthalmic disease Renal disease Others Neurologic disease Peripheral vascular disease
20 15 10 5 0Βιβλιοθήκη Diabetes 17.0
Nondiabetes
Men, cohort 1* Men, cohort 2** Women, cohort 1* Women, cohort 2**
14.2
6.8 7.6
7.4 4.2 2.4 1.9
(P=0.46)
-16.6%
+10.7%
(P=0.76)
Survival Post-MI in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Men and Women: Minnesota Heart Survey
100 80 60 40 0 0 MEN 100 80
n=568
WOMEN
No diabetes
Survival (%)
n=1628
No diabetes
(P<0.001)
-43.8%
(P=0.12)
-20.4%
*Defined in 1971-1975, followed up through 1982-1984. **Defined in 1982-1984, followed up through 1992-1993. Gu K et al. JAMA 2019;281:1291-1297.
Mortality in People with Diabetes Causes of Death
50 40
% of Deaths
30 20 10 0
Ischemic Other Diabetes Cancer heart heart disease disease Stroke Infection Other
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
29.9 23.0 19.2 11.5 6.3
Diabetes
No Diabetes
11.0
7.1
3.6
*Age-adjusted Adapted from Gu K et al. Diabetes Care 2019;21:1138-1145.
Men Women All heart disease
Fasting Glucose 2-Hour Post Glucose Load
Diabetes Mellitus
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
>7.0 (>126)
>11.1 (>200)
>7.8 (>140) to <11.1 (<200)
Impaired Fasting Glucose
Survival (%)
Diabetes
n=228
Prevalence of Diabetes in Adult Population (Aged >20 years) by Year and Region
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2019
2000
2025
Percent
Developed
Developing
World
King H et al. Diabetes Care 2019;21:1414-1431.
Men Women Ischemic heart disease
Trends in Mortality Rates for Ischemic Heart Disease in NHANES Subjects with and without Diabetes*
Rate per 1000 person-years
Epidemiology of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus, and Coronary
Heart Disease Steven Haffner, MD
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia Plasma Glucose Concentration
Geiss LS et al. In: Diabetes in America. 2nd ed. 2019; chap 11.
Mortality Due to Heart Disease in Men and Women with or without Diabetes (US)
35
Mortality per 1000 person-years*
Values are mmol/L (mg/dl)
>6.1 (>110) to <7.0 (<126)
Adapted from World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Geneva: World Health Organization:2019:52.
Framingham Study: DM and CHD Mortality 20-Year Follow-up
18
Annual CHD Deaths per 1000 Persons
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
17
17
DM
Non-DM
8
4
Men Women
Kannel WB, McGee DL. JAMA 1979;241:2035-2038.
Total costs 12 billion US $
CVD accounts for 64% of total costs
Cardiovascular disease
American Diabetes Association. Economic Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus in the US in 2019. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association, 2019:1-14.