• 2. 译成汉语的被动式：其结构是“受事者-动词”。汉语 中表达被动的一些词或结构：遭受﹑遭到﹑受到﹑得到 ﹑受﹑挨﹑叫﹑被…… ﹑给…… ﹑为……所等等。 Political contests remind us that the candidates are marketed as well as soap; students recruitment by colleges reminds us that higher education is marketed; and fund raising reminds us that “causes” are marketed. 政治竞争让我们看到候选人也像肥皂一样被宣传推销；大 学录取学生使我们明白高等教育也要宣传推销；集资活动 也让我们了解到“各种事业”同样也需要宣传推销。
• Ex.
This conclusion is hardly justified by the results.
• 这些结果很难证明这个结论是正确的。
• (5). 译成无主句：英语被动句有时因某种原因不体现 施事者，但句子又不能没有主语，于是用受事者作主 语。翻译时往往把原文中的“受事者+动词”的顺序 颠倒过来，变成“动词+受事者”，将原文处理成汉 语的无主句，改被动为主动。 • Four major stages in the product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. • 已经确认，产品的生命周期可以划分为四个主要阶段： 引进市场阶段，成长阶段，成熟阶段和衰退阶段。
It is only more recently that it has became increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. 只是在近些年来人们才越来越清楚地认识到，制造出 的产品如果不能在一定的时间内以公平的价格卖出的 话，就是一种资源的浪费。
Developed to meet the needs of output networks, this new socket is characterized first of all by its exceptional performance. 这种新型的插座是为了满足信息输出网络的需要而 开发的产品，它首要的特点是性能卓越。
• Ex. • At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. 月底，他因无法胜任工作而被解雇了。
• In the last few months the region was hit by the severe financial crisis. 过去几个月这个地区遭受了严重的经融危机。
• (4).把施事者译成主语
As most countries are vigorously promoting exports and also because of the tremendous growth of multinational corporations, the international market, in most instances, is characterized by intense competition on an extensive scale. • 由于大多数国家都在积极地促进出口而且跨国 公司是在以惊人的速度增长，国际市场多以大规模 的激烈竞争为特点。
第九单元
被动语态句的翻译
一、 英语被动语态句
• 英语被动语态的构成形式： 主语（受事）+be+过去分词 • 其变体形式为： 主语（受事）+get/become+过去分词 • 英语中只要主语是受事，谓语动词就要使用被动语态 的形式。
二、 商务英语被动句式的翻译
Translation of Business English e
• 二、 商务英语被动句式的翻译
• 被动句在翻译成汉语时，往往要处理成符合汉语 习惯的主动句，但少数仍旧保持被动语态，一般 的翻译方法有三种： • ①译成汉语的主动式； • ②译成汉语的被动式； • ③译成汉语的特殊结构。
• 1.译成汉语的主动式
• （1）保留原文的主语：将原文的主语仍旧译成汉 语的主语。
Ex.
1. The output of tractors has been increased greatly. • 拖拉机的产量有了很大的提高。 2. Problems should be resolved in good time.
• 有问题要及时加以解决。
• (2). 将原文中的主语译成宾语，增译主语：如果原 句没有施动者，可以在译文中加上相应的主语，如： “人们，有人，大家，我们，众人”等含有泛指性 的词语作主语。
• 会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助经理制定计划和控制 该经济实体的活动而言是不可或缺的。
Ex.
• The decision of acquisition and merger is not taken lightly by the management. 并购的决定不是管理层轻易做出的。
• (7). 以it为形式主语的英语被动句，在翻译成汉语的时 候往往使用主动形式。译文有时不加主语，有时加入一 些不确定性的词（如大家﹑有人﹑人们﹑我们等）作主 语，或者将其处理成独立句。
•
Ex.
1. An MBA degree is considered to be one of the important requirements for the corporate position. 人们认为工商管理硕士学历是担任这一公司职位的必要 条件之一。
2. With the development of modern electrical engineering,
Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output.
• 人们认为营销就是为某个公司的产品寻找买 主，并鼓励购买。
Public relations (PR) is a term that is widely misunderstood and misused to describe anything from selling to hosting, when in fact it is a very specific communication process. • 人们普遍对公共关系这个词存在误解，错误地用它 来描述从销售到招待客人等无所不包的各种活动， 而实际上，它是一个非常专门的交流过程。
• • • • • • • • • • • It is said that 据说 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is supposed that 根据推测说 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It will be seen that 由此可以看出 It is well known that 大家知道 It is generally considered that 大家认为 It is believed that 人们相信 It is asserted that 有人主张
It is generally agreed that organizations with effective managers will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. • 人们普遍认为，拥有高效胜任的管理人员，公司 成功的可能性更大，而管理人员能力低下的公司 则大多会失败。
Ex.
It is believed that more and more people in China will be moving out of the country to live in the city. 人们相信，越来越多的中国人将离开农村搬到城市 去住。
关于it的一些固定词组的翻译
• 他们对另一个航班正在装运的所有行李进行了 安全检查，发现没有一个乘客的名字能和那个 行李箱对上。
• Ex.
• Trade relationship has been established between China and most other countries in the world. • 中国与世界上大多数国家建立了贸易关系。
The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writings of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive voice is often used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse (hard to understand). This is a problem which is worth our attention.