Personal pronouns:
I/ me, we/ us, you, he/ him, she/ her, it,
they/ them
Possessive pronouns:
my/ mine, our/ ours, you/ yours, his/
his, her/ hers, its/ its, their/ theirs
subjective case -------subject position objective case ------ other positions
2. minor sentence 3. everybody/ nobody + but/ except +
pronouns
Informality
Reflexive pronouns:
Reciprocal pronouns:
each other(‘s), one another(‘s)
Demonstrative pronouns:
this, that, these, those, it, such, same
This book is yours, and that is mine.
other night.
Concord in number
NUMBER: Antecedent: everyone, anyone, everybody,
anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody Pronoun?
The cast is giving ___ (its, their) bester, either.
I have do much work this morning.
He has done much for his wife.
Concord
ANTECEDENT a word, phrase or sentence that is represented by
see Exercise 8C
Concord in gender
GENDER? masculine, feminine, neuter, common It is a set of grammatical forms of nouns
(pronouns), determiners and adjectives that tell of the distinctions of sex or attribute. In modern English, only pronouns and nouns have gender distinctions.
PRONOUNS
1. classification 2. concord 3. case forms 4. reflexive pronouns
Pronoun?
pro- ? a. supporting or approving of something. b. doing something instead of someone.
Comparative clause She is prettier than __(I/ me) He is clever than __ (we/ us) all.
Minor sentence
Does anyone know where Tom lives? -- __(I/ me). / -- __ (I/ me) do.
pronouns. One must remember to remain very still when he
attends a concert. Professor Smith and I went to the States together. We
stayed there for three weeks. I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her. I recognized one of the girls who were caroling the
1. Just between you and (I, me) that man is crazy.
Dictatorship is the one of many evils which __(tend, tends) to perpetuate __(itself, themselves).
Either John or James, who are twins, __(have, has) left (his, their) sweater.
someone; any, anything, anybody, anyone; no,
nothing, nobody, no one, none; everything,
everybody, everyone, each; much, many, little,
a little, few, a few, other, another, all, one, both,
General rule
It is difficult to predict __ (who, whom) will win the election.
Who’s knocking the door? – it’s __ (I/ me). It was __ (I/ me) who am to blame. It was__ (I/ me) that they were talking about. Stanley had no doubt about __(who, whom) would be
Interrogative pronouns:
what
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which,
Relative pronouns:
that, as
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which,
Indefinite pronouns:
some, something, somebody,
prep. complementation, etc. The woman __(who/whom) we thought to be
__(she, her) turned out to be her sister. The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought
might be __ (she. her) turned out to be her sister.
Everyone thinks ____ (he is, they are )the centre of the universe.
Wells is one of the editors who always __(take, takes) a leading role in ____(his, their) community.
Everybody/ nobody + but/ except…
Nobody except __ (he/ him) can solve our problems.
Everybody agreed to our proposal but __(he/ him).
I interviewed everybody but __(he/ him).
Nouns of common gender
man They were pronounced man and wife at the
altar. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal,… If a student needs advice about careers,
Pronouns are words used instead of nouns, thus have nominal functions.
Classification
personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite pronouns.
elected minister of defense. Everybody, including __ (I, me), failed the test. She knows me better than __(he? him?).
Exceptions to general rule
1. informality
Concord in person
When it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean, most people just don’t make the effort. I’m a maintenance man for a department store. If you did make the effort help keep the public place where I work clean, we probably wouldn’t have a job.
believe will be glad to help you? The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought
might be her turned out to be her sister.
Informality
Cleft sentence It was __ (he/him) who did it.
Interrogative clause __ (who/ whom) did you want to nominate? I don’t know __ (who/ whom) you want to