（七）将来进行时 will/shall be doing
表示将来的某个时间正在进行的动作： At this time tomorrow, I shall be sitting at the table.
（八）现在完成时 have/has done
<1>.现在完成时表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续 到现在，而且还可能再继续下去。强调对现在造成的影响。 句子中常有already, ever, yet, just, recently, since, so far… E.g. ---The window is so dirty.
<3>. be to do:表示按计划要发生的事或表示可能性， 必要，责任，义务，禁止等。
1. We are to put up a new school in this area. 2. A meeting is to be held this evening. <4>. be about to do:表示马上就要发生的事。
动词的时态和语态
1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 将来进行时 8. 现在完成时 9. 过去完成时 10. 将来完成时 11. 现在完成进行时
（一）一般现在时
〈1〉表示经常性，习惯性的动作或状态。常与一般现在 时连用的时间状语有: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every day, from time to time, etc. E.g. 1. I am your English teacher.
---I know. It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.
<2>. 常用与一些句型中： It is/has been three years since he joined the army. It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. It is the most interesting novel that I have read. <3>. 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替
（三） 一般将来时
<1>. will/shall do: (1) 表将来； （2）表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势； （3）表示临时决定做某事。 1. We shall have our monthly examination next week. 2. Fish will die without water. 3. --The lights in the classroom are still on.
-- Sorry, I’ll go and turn them off.
<2>. be going to do (1) 表示有计划，有安排将要发生的事。 (2) 表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。 (1). Sue and I have decided to have a party.
We are going to invite a lot of people. (2). Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
<3>. 表示过去打算但未实现的动作。 1. I was coming, but I missed the last bus. 2.---Alice. Why didn’t you come yesterday?
---I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
in such a tone.
<十>.将来完成时 will have done
表示到将来的某个时间之前某一动作将会完成， 常用的时间状语为“by +将来的某个时间”。 (1). By this time of next year, all of you will have become
college students. (2).We will have learned 3500 English words by next term.
<1>.表示在过去的某个时间之前发生的动作, 即“过去的过去”。
(1). The train had already left before we reached the station. (2). We had produced 200,000 cars by the end of last year. <2>.一些表示意向的动词如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose表示未曾实现的希望，打算等。 (1). We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t. (2). I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
2. He goes to bed at ten o’clock every evening. 3. Light travels faster than sound. <2>. 在时间，条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时
表将来。
E.g. 1. I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from him. 2. If I am free tomorrow, I’ll help you with English. 3. However late he is, his mother will wait for him for dinner.
4. I am cleaning the blackboard --- The blackboard ____________________.
5. We were holding a meeting at this time last night. --- A meeting ______________ at this time last night. 6. I have spent a lot of money on the car.
（二）一般过去时 表示在过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 （不涉及对现在的影响）。 常用的时间状语有 yesterday, last week, , just now, in the past… Eg.1. Where did you live when you were young?
2. I met her in the street yesterday. 3. I didn’t intend to hurt you.
<2>.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 Since I won the first prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People are phoning to ask how I am going to spend the money.
<九>.过去完成时 had done
<3>一些固定句型中：Hardly/scarcely…when… No sooner…than… It was the first time that…
(1). No sooner had I got on the bus than it started out. (2). It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me
（六）过去进行时 was/were doing
<1>. 表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作： 1. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 2. We were having a meeting from 6:00 to 8:00 last night. <2>. 常与always, constantly, usually等连用，具有较强的 感情色彩。 1. He was always doing well when he studied in our school. 2. The old man was constantly telling the same old story.
(五) 现在进行时 am/is/are doing
<1>.表示说话时正在进行的动作。 Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
---What’s that terrible noise? ---The neighbors are preparing for a party.
将来时。 1. I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. 2 . If you have done the experiment, you’ll realize the
theory better.
<九>.过去完成时 had done
--- The task _________________ ahead of time. 3. You will lose many chances if you don’t work hard. --- Many chances ___________ if you don’t work hard.
常不接具体的时间状语。 Hurry up! The lecture is about to begin.
<5>. 一般现在时表将来：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return…