Trade Terms
• • 1. Tariff 关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area. 2. Quota 配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers. 3. Import duties 进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area 4. Export duties 出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area
(2) The reasons why complete specialization may never occur
(3) Tariff barriers-the most common form of trade restriction A. Export duty B. Import duty a. Specific duty b. Ad valorem duty c. Compound duty (4) Quotas-the most common form of non-tariff barriers
• The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.
International Business English
Lesson பைடு நூலகம் International Trade II
Business Knowledge
(1) Other bases for trade among countries A. Patterns of demand: different consumption preference B. Economy of scale: the cost advantages of large-scale production C. Innovation or style
• Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.
• The visible trade is the import and export of goods, and the invisible trade is the exchange of services between countries.
• The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale.
• In reality, complete specialization may never occur even though it is economically advantageous.
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5. Ad valorem duty 从价税:
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6. Specific duty 从量税 7. Compound duties 复税、混合关税
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8. Drawback 退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.
9. Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment 最惠国待遇 : A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country
10. Tariff schedule 税率表、税则
11. Non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒
12. GSP 普惠制: Generalized system of preferences. 13. Reasonable costs 合理的成本
14. Customs area 关税区
15. Customs union 关税同盟 16. Tariff barriers 关税壁垒: The traditional protectionism measure