History and Anthology of American LiteraturePart I The Literature of Colonial America1.Historical Introduction·The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.·Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith. His reports of exploration have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.2.Early New England Literature·The American poets who emerged in the 17 century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment. Anne Bradstreet was one such poet.John Smith1.The first American writer.2.Works:(1)A true Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony(2)A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country(3)The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer IslesWilliam Bradford & John Winthrop1.William Bradford: 曾任普利茅斯总督·Work: Of Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯垦殖记》2.John Winthrop: 曾任马萨诸塞湾总督，波士顿总督·Work: The History of New England from 1630 to 1649《新英格兰历史：1630-1649》John Cotton & Roger Williams1.John Cotton: 清教徒牧师和作家·The first major intellectual spokesman of Massachusetts Bay Colony was John Cotton, sometimes called “the Patriarch of New England”.2.Roger Williams: 出生于伦敦的进步宗教思想家，曾长期受到英国殖民当局的迫害·He was interested in the Indian language·Work：A Key into the Language of America 《阿美利加语言的钥匙》Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor1.Anne Bradstreet：美国第一位作品得以发表的女诗人·Work：The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America《第十位缪斯》2.Edward Taylor：美国清教派牧师和诗人，被公认为美国19世纪前最重要的诗人·The best of the Puritan poetsPart II The Literature of Reason and Revolution1.Background: In the seventies of the eighteenth century the English colonies in North America rose in arms against their mother country. The War of Independence lasted for eight years(1775-1783) and ended in the formation of a federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America.2.American Enlightenment（美国启蒙运动）dealt a decisive blow to the Puritan traditions and brought to life seculareducation and literature.3.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of Benjamin Franklin.Benjamin Franklin1.是美国著名的思想家，政治家，科学家，发明家，外交家，教育家，作家。
参与起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法,发明了双焦眼镜和玻璃口琴，做了著名的“风筝实验”，发明了避雷针。
是美国启蒙运动，即理性时代的象征。
2.Works：Autobiography《富兰克林自传》Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查年鉴》3.Contribution(1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”.(2)Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”.Thomas Paine1.“Great Commoner of Mankind”2.Works: The Case of the Officers of the Excise，1772，《税吏事件》Common Sense, 1776,《常识》The American Crisis《美国危机》Rights of Man《人权》The Age of Reason《理性的时代》Thomas Jefferson1.美国第三任总统，独立宣言的主要起草者之一。
和富兰克林一样是通才，通晓政治学，园艺学，建筑学，考古学，词源学，密码学，测量学等，还身兼作家，律师和小提琴手。
他还创办了维吉尼亚大学。
他在任期间保护农业，发展民族资本主义工业，从法国手中购买路易斯安那州，使美国领土近乎增加了一倍。
2.Works: The Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》Philip Freneau1.The most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.2.“Poet of the American Revolution”美国独立革命的诗人，“Father of American Poetry” ,美国文学之父，属于理性时代的诗人3.Works: The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》The Wild Honeysuckle《野生的金银花》The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》Part III The Literature of Romanticism1.Background(1)Political background and economic development(2)Romantic movement in European countriesDerivative – foreign influence2.Features(1)American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.(2)There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained.(3)The “newness” of Am ericans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.(4)As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent.Washington Irving1.是美国革命后第一个获得国际声誉的作家，在美国文学史上享有“美国文学之父”的称号。
2.He was the first great prose stylist of American Romanticism, and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative of the future.3.Works: A History of New York《纽约外史》The Sketch Book《见闻札记》（收录了The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》和Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》等名篇，开创了美国短篇小说的传统）James Frnimore Cooper1.The first important American novelist2.Three kinds of works:(1)Novels about the revolution past: The Spy《间谍》(2) Sea adventures: The Pilot《舵手》(3)Frontier saga: Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》（包括The Deerslayer《猎鹿者》,The Last of the Mohicans 《最后一个莫西干人》,The pathfinder《探路人》,The Pioneers《拓荒者》,The Prairie《大草原》）·The nearest approach yet to an American epic·central figure：Natty BumppoWilliam Cullen Bryant1.美国首位重要的自然派诗人，引导美国诗歌摆脱了古典主义模式的僵硬束缚，使之进入了一个简朴清新的时期。