Unit 14:现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work. (含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时间段+ago ④since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:1. 以already(肯定句), yet,（否定，疑问）ever（疑问，肯定）, never（肯定）,before（肯定，否定，疑问）,just（肯定）He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。

He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

2.in the last/past +时间段He has worked here in the last two years3. so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止）He has learned 3000words so far. 到目前为止他已经学了3000个单词五．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别1. Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.2.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.3.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sincetwo minutes ago六．某些非延续性动词，用在现在完成时中，表一段时间需变化。

come-have/has been leave-have/has been away open- have/has been open die- have/has been deadbuy- have/has had borrow- have/has keptbegin/start- have/has been on become- have/has beenjoin- have/has been a member of../been in..现在完成时练习一.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1.______two years2.____two years ago3.___last month4.______ 19995._______yesterday6._______ 4 o’clock7 -------- 4 hours 8._____an hour ago9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time11.____ she left he12. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.13. Jack has _________ finished his homework.14. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.15. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”16. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”17. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.18. I’ve known him ______ we were children.19. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.20. She has been away from the city ______ about ten year s.二.用适当的时态填空：1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.8. We already _________ (return) the book.9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday三.单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .A.has changed ; wellB.changed ; goodC.has changed ; betterD.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. Kne8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finishedD.will ; do ; finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. isB. hasC. willD. was— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away21.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become23.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left24.The meeting _____ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over25.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught26.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became27. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned28. -Where have you _____, Kate?-I've ______ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone29. Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died30. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for31. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached32、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still33、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago34、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written35、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying36、We ______ Xiao Liince she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew37、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish。