第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。
2. 玄奘不仅译出了 75 部佛经,而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文,成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。
3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动,开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元,语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。
五四运动前后,东西方各国的优秀文学作品,特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来,《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期,为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。
4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。
5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。
我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验,借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法,以便继续提高我们的翻译水平,为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。
五、课后练习(一)将下列段落译成中文:一百年前的今天:一些海鸥;北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员;救生站以及一些本地人,见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。
1903 年 12 月 17 日,莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。
1932 年, 90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座 60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑,用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。
莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。
他们有着天空般广阔的眼界,也有着十分务实的作风。
1892 年,他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业:莱特自行车公司。
虽然在当时世纪之交的美国,有着数不清的自行车公司,但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。
当莱特兄弟在 1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器,他们成功地使世界变小了……(二)将下列段落译成英文:As Jia baoyu,Xue Baoqin,Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day,the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game,she made fun of the maids by saying, holding a duck head in hand,“This ya tou (referring to the duck head in hand) is not that ya tou (referring to the maids around, as both are homophones in Chinese), for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….” Everybody roared with laughter. Some maids protested, laughing,“You made fun of us, so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’ games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that,a maid rushed in laughing,“ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over,and sure enough,saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body,her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped withher handkerchief. Amid laughter girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside the room.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课练习(一)将下列英文译成中文:1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。
后来,她采取了一个不幸者常常采取的那种快刀斩乱麻的行动:嫁给了亚当,从而陷进了终身的痛苦,为的不过是跳出那一时的悲伤。
2. 一个人不要做了一件好事就到处宣扬,而应带动他人,就像葡萄的藤蔓,开花结果,年复一年。
3. 一想起她一个人出去重新登上找工作的艰辛旅途,他顿觉万念俱灰。
4. 十一月的寒风,对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。
舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发,两颊通红,两眼闪光。
5. 天空阴沉沉的,乌云密布,不久就能感觉到豆大的雨点稀稀疏疏地落下,转瞬间变成倾盆大雨,骤然而下。
(晓萍译)(二)将下列中文译成英文:1. An excellent, all-round student with a congenial personality, she is a promising candidate for the exchange program.2. How to make further use of scientific resources in college to better serve our economy is a key element in the reform of institutions of higher education.3. The surface of the pool quivered as the swallow skimmed over it.4. The man seemed quite at ease, but his rolling eyes gave him away/ betray him.5. Ignorant as I am, I know not to promote a person for what he says not to undervalue what is said because of the person who says it.五、课后练习(一)将下列段落译成中文:随着专业化程度的提高,各门知识的边界正在以前所未有的速度往里收缩。
但这种收缩是付出了相当大的代价才做到的。
现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子强多少,正像一个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一样,都是现代才有的怪现象。
同样地,专业化也间接地影响到了各行各业中的普通人。
以前仅仅是由于对它们本身感兴趣而去从事的许多活动,现在常常因感到没有希望而被放弃了。
专家们说,从事这些活动所需要的技巧得付出毕生的精力才能掌握。
当你能在客厅里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏时,你干吗还要学钢琴呢?(二)将下列段落译成英文:“Dwell on One or Two” Lin Qingxuan A friend of mind brought over a newly purchased set of paper, brush, ink-stick and ink-slab, and asked me to write something for the wall in the sitting room of his new house. I unfolded thepaper, ground the ink-stick on the slab, and wrote out the words: “Dwell on one or two.”“What does this mean?” asked my friend. “You know the popular saying.”I replied, “Life means frustration eight or nine times out of ten.” Dedicating the eighty or ninety per cent of frustration, you still have ten or twenty per cent of success, happiness or gratification. If you want to enjoy life, you should focus on the one or two times you are happy, be thankful and cherish them. Then you’ll never be overwhelmed by the eight or nine times when you are unhappy.” Happily my friend left, carrying the scroll in his arms. (《中国翻译》编辑部:《“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛作品与评析:英汉对照》)第三节翻译的标准与译者的素养四、课练习(一)将下列英文译成中文:1. 也许只有传统才能真正反映出人的性格和精神。
旅行的目的,除了四处游览观光之外,更重要的就是去了解彼此的风俗和文化。
2. 如今作为世界文化遗产,巨石阵及其周围建筑依旧是 5000 到 3000 年前石器时代和青铜时代伟大文明的有力见证者。
3. 澳洲大陆跨越许多种不同的气候带,有北部的热带、亚热带和稀树草原,由中部干旱不毛的沙漠,还有南部的温带。
4. 在南达克塔州海拔 6000 英尺的黑山顶上耸立着华盛顿、林肯、杰斐逊和罗斯福思维美国总统栩栩如生的塑像。
5. 迪斯尼乐园的成功有许多原因,但是归根结底要归功于一个人,这个人发明了卡通画,白手起家,创建了这家公司。