第10章英语语言变体(I)
I.Fill in the blanks.
1. Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field,mode and _____.(中山大学2003年研)
【答案】tenor
【解析】话语包括语场、语式、语旨三个方面。
2. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by _____.
【答案】women
【解析】语言使用的性别差异。
3. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, _____ language.
【答案】vernacular
【解析】凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。
4. A linguistic _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.
【答案】taboo
【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇,通常被委婉语所代替。
5. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.
【答案】social
【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的,但当语言被不同的人使用时,则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
6. In terms of sociolinguistics, _____ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.
【答案】idiolect
【解析】从社会语言学的角度讲,个人习语指个人语言风格。
7. English belongs to the _____ subfamily of the _____ family. (上海交大2003年研)【答案】Gemanic; Indo-European
【解析】英语属于印欧语系日耳曼语的一支。
8. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.
【答案】social
【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的,但当语言被不同的人使用时,则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
9. A _____ is a particular class of speech events which are considered by the speech community as being of the same type.
【答案】genre
【解析】语类:言语团体认为某些言语行为具有相同的风格或形式,语类就是指由这些具有相同风格或形式的言语行为所构成的特殊类型的集合。
II. Multiple Choices.
1. In the present day, the stability of _____ seems to be decreasing. (东南大学2002年研)
A. social-class dialect
B. idiolect
C. taboo
D. regional dialect
【答案】D
【解析】地域方言的特点。
随着人们日常交流的增加,地域方言的稳定性在逐步下降。
2. _____ variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation.
A. Regional
B. Social
C. Stylistic
D. Idiolectal
【答案】A
【解析】地域变异是指由于言语使用者们地区的不同而呈现出来的言语变异现象。
语言的地域变异是最明显的,也是最容易界定的。
3. Which of the following does NOT fall into dialectal varieties?
A. Regional dialects.
B. Sociolects.
C. Registers.
D. Idiolects.
【答案】C
【解析】一门语言的变体是该语言的一般概念的实际体现,它们被假定为与语言的使用者和语言的用途相关。
与使用者相关的变体通常被称为方言,而与用途相关的变体称为
语域。
方言变体中包括地域方言、社会方言、个人方言、种族方言等。
因此,本题
的正确答案为C。
4. Which of the following is NOT the speech variety?
A. Regional dialects.
B. Sociolects.
C. Registers.
D. Discourse accents.
【答案】D
【解析】在社会语言学的研究中,人们对三种言语变体特别感兴趣,即:地域方言、社会方
言和语域。
因此,本题的正确答案为D。
5. Standard dialect is _____.
A. designated as the official or national language of a country
B. a dialect a child acquired naturally like his regional dialect
C. used by people who speak different languages for restricted purpose.
D. used by people who belong to the higher social status
【答案】A
【解析】标准语通常被作为政府所提倡的标准语言。
它往往是建立在某一地区(通常是该国的政治或经济中心)的方言基础之上;并不是全国儿童从起初就像对地区方言那样
自然地习得。
因此,本题的正确答案为A。
6. The form of a given language used in a certain geographical space is called _____.
A. style
B. dialect
C. register
D. pidgin
【答案】B
【解析】在某一地理区域内使用的语言应为该地区的方言。
因此,本题的正确答案为B。
7. Which of the following statements is NOT the concern of sociolinguists?
A. The language a person uses reveals his social background.
B. There exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used on a certain occasion.
C. How does the human mind work when people use language.
D. T o investigate the social aspects of language.
【答案】C
【解析】研究人类在使用语言时大脑如何工作并不属于社会语言学的范畴,而属于心理语言学。
正如其他三项所示,社会语言学研究的是各种社会现象和社会因素在语言中的
反映。
因此,本题的正确答案为C。
III. True or False.
1. Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.
【答案】T
【解析】语言可以反应出社会的性别歧视现象,但语言本身并无性别歧视意义,语言可以表达出人们对性别的态度及对一些禁忌语和种族歧视的态度。
2. Regional dialect is a variety of language related to the use of language. (东南大学2003年研)
【答案】F
【解析】语言的变体可从使用者和使用两个角度划分为方言变体和类型变体,前者称为方言,后者为语域。
地域方言应该与语言的使用者相关。