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3. 如果分词要表示动作是主动的，又在谓语动作之前发生，则要用定语从句表 (完示成。式having done/having been done不可做限制定语) *The man coming yesterday comes again. (×)
*The man having come yesterday comes again. (×)
7.让步状语（Adverbial of concession）
(Though) working as hard as he could, he could not pass the exam.
The –ing Participle as Attributive
I．–ing Participle 作定语的形式： doing
１．分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。
２．分词短语作状语时，有时前面可带一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用
的连词有：when, while, if, (al)though, whether, or, unless, as if/though等。
1．伴随状语（Adverbial of attending circumstances） They came in, singing and laughing.
３2．02H方0/e1式2c/a状1m2 语e r（unAndivnegribnitaol
of way ） the classroom.
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4. 原因状语（Adverbial of cause ） Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again.
5. 条件状语 ( Adverbial of condition) Turning to the right, you will find a path.
*Where is the old woman selling eggs? =Where is the old woman who sells eggs? 2. 如果一个分词既要表达进行意义，又要表达被动意义，则用-ing的被动式: being done The question being discussed is important. =The question that is being discussed is important.
disappointed 感到失望的
a frightening voice a frightened voice
令人害怕的语调 从语调中听出说话人感到害怕
记一记： English-speaking countries, a paper-making machine, spoken English,…
2．时间状语（Adverbial of time）
Having finished the homework/After finishing the homework,he turned on the TV.
When/While climbing the mountain, he broke his glasses.
1．前置（单个分词做定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词前）： *The swimming boy is my brother.
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精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
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II．-ing分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系：
1. –ing 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
*正在发生的动作： The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman. *经常性、习惯性的动作：
6. 结果状语（Adverbial of result） He did his homework carelessly, making a lot of mistakes.(自然的或必然的结果) 区别：He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.(意想不到的结果)
2．后置（分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词后）： doing, being done
*The children playing outside are in Class Two. *Tea, being a universal drink in many countries, is still carefully prepared. *The television being repaired now was bought ten years ago. *Most of the people working in the factory are young people.
Revision of –ing participle as Adverbial
I．-ing participle作状语时的形式：
主动语态
一般式
doing
完成式
having done
完成进行式 having been doing
被动语态
being done having been done
II. -ing 分词作状语（Adverbial)的要点：
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我 笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
注意：有些分词已经形容词化。 试区别：
moving 感人的 inspiring 鼓舞人心的 disappointing 令人失望的
moved 受感动的 inspired 受鼓舞的
*The man who came yesterday comes again. (√)
4. 要表示定语的动作在谓语动作之后发生, 则要用不定式或定语从句表示 将要发生的动作。