Surrounded by a group of pupils, the
old teacher walked into the room.
The trainer appeared, followed by
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过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原 因状语从句），如：
The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once.
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二、过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说
明动作发生的背景或情况，如：
Built in 1192, the bridge is over
700 years old.
Led by the party, the people have
improved their living conditions greatly.
with joy.
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⑤ 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，
如：
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with
five children. (结果)
The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus
causing the delay. (结果)
Working hard, you will succeed. (条件)
Turning to the left, you will find the
path leading to the site. (条件)
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone
w2a020s/3/28moved by him alone. (让步)
Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well.
④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句）， 如：
Turning around, she saw a police
car driving up.
Hearing the news, they all jumped
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。 （表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时 间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 2020/3/28 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（10
怎样区别现在分词与过去分 词作状语
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一：现在分词作状语：
① 现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或
伴随情况，如：
The children ran out of the room,
laughing and talking merrily.
They stood there for an hour
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命 危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与 恐惧，他走进山洞。
e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
② 现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状
语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在
句中。其他参考上述a-c），如：
Following the guide, they started to climb.
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③ 现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如：
(=When / If we are united …)
Heated, water changes into steam. (=When
/ If water is heated …)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very
beautiful.
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watching the game.
She sat at the desk reading a
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注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分
词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发
生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表
Hale Waihona Puke 示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；
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现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和句子的主语保
持一致；现在分词所表示的动作和句子的主语
为主谓关系；过去分词所表示的动作和句子的
主语为动宾关系;例如:
注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，
则 要 用 完 成 形 式 ， 如 ： Having worked among the
peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
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Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. (= as he was exhausted…)
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过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语
从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：
United, we stand; divided, we fall.
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to
leave them a note.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in
touch with her.
Being so poor in those days, we
couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.