Epic:A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecti ng the values of the society from which it originated. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated高尚的.John Milton wrote three great epics:Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.Sonnet(十四行诗A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme Renaissancethe activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition过渡from the medieval to the modern world.the essence of the Renaissance is HumanismThe Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Humanism人文主义Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2>it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the impo rtance of the present life.Humanists voiced their belie fs that man was the center of the universe and man did notonly have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present li fe,but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.lake poets 湖畔诗人refer to The three romantic poets Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey who lived in the Lake District in the Englandand wrote poems about nature .English Romanticism(浪漫主义):1)a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art from late 18th century to early 19th century in Europe.2)emphasized individual values (个人价值）and aspirations （志向，抱负） above those of society.4)the characteristics of Romanticism（浪漫主义文学特色）:Passion / emotion ,Individualism 5)Representative writers(代表作家）:Blake, shelley,Byron,WordsworthCritical Realism(批判现实主义)1)The Critical Realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost最初的set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated描绘the crying contradictions矛盾 of bourgeois资产阶级的 reality. Butthey did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3) Charls Dickens is the most important critical realist.Gothic novel(哥特式小说):Gothic novel is a type of romance very popular late in the18th century and at the beginning of the19th century.emphasizes thi ngs which are grotesque,violent,mysterious,supernatural,des olate and horrifying.With its description描述of the dark,irrational荒繆的side of human nature.American Romanticism:1.from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war . It started with the publication出版of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass .2.It was a rebellion反抗against the objectivity of rationalism. For romantics, the feelings, intuitions直觉 and emotions were more important than reason and common sense;3.emphasis on imagination, individualism.back to medieval and naturalThe Lost Generation(迷惘的一代）：Is a term used to characterize a general feeling of disillusionment of American literary notables名人 who live in Europe,most notably著名的 Paris after First World War. Figures identified with the Lost Generation included literary modernists such as Hemingway,F.Scott,PoundAmerica RealismAs a literary moment realism came in the latter half of the 19 century,as a reaction against “the lie”of Romanticism and sentimentalism.It expressed the concern for the world of experience,of the common place,and for the familiar and the lowPuritanismin the 16th and 17th cent., a movement for reform in the Church of England that had a profound深远的 influence on the social, political, ethical道德的, and theological神学的 ideas of England and AmericaNeo-classicism:A revival of classical standards of order,harmony,balance,simplicity简单and restrained emotion克制情感in literature in the18th century.Symbolism象征主义:Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols.It’s a liter ary movement that arose in France in the last half of the19th cen tury and that greatly influenced many English writers,particul arly poets,of the20th century.It enables poets to compress a v ery complex idea into one image or even one word.It’s one of the m ost powerful devices that poets employ in creation.使用象征来写作的一种技巧。

象征主义在19世纪后半页在法国兴起，对英国作家产生了很大的影响，尤其是在20世纪诗歌方面。

它让诗人把非常复杂的思想浓缩成一个意象甚至一个词。

它是诗人在创作中使用的最有力的手段。

Enlightenment启蒙运动--an intellectual movement in Europe in the18th century;--guiding principle for thinking and action;--the belief in eternal truth,eternal justice,natural equ ality--a continuation延续of Renaissance;Transcendentalism：It was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in theearly to middle 19th century2. There are three major features:1) emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the mostimportant thing in the universe.2) stressed the importance of the individual.3) The transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.自然是超灵或上帝的象征Famous authors such as Emerson,Thoreau( Walden) NaturalismA post-darwin movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the “laws”of scientific determinism决定论to fiction.two features:local color and Regionalism乡土文学.Famous authors such as Dreiser Sister Carrie，Crane Maggie:a girl of the street,London The call of wil d介绍作家William Shakespeare was an English poet of English Renaissance(the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17thcentury, marking the transition过渡 from the medieval to the modern world.)widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent卓越的 dramatist.He produced 38 plays,154 sonnets and two long narrative poems.His four famous comedies:Much ado about nothing,As you like it,The Merchant of Venice,Twelfth Night .His four famous comedies :Hamlet, Othello, King Lear,and Macbeth.His famous tragicomedy:Romeo andJuliet .Hamlet telling us about Hamlet,the prince of Denmark came back from abroad at the news of his father’s death.Surprisingly he founded what awaited him at home was not the funeral of the old king but the wedding of his mother Gertrude and his uncle Claudius.A ghost resembling his father told Hamlet that Claudius had killed him,which put Hamlet into the dilemma of revenge.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。