Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century.It was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution laid the background for Romanticism. The Enlightenment also had influence on Romanticism .It was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing".famous romanticism writers are such as william Wordsworth:lyrical ballods、william whitman ：leaves of grass Realism beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-19th- and early-20th-century .It was a reaction againest romanticism and paved the way to modernism.the realism is product of europe capitalist system‟s establishment and development.the philosophy and science of europe in 19th century has promated its production authors trend to depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism" ,realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylizedpresentation.The realism always like a mirror reflecting the real life.the main representatives of realism include Jane Austen《Pride and Prejudice》、Charles Dickens《Great Expectations》、Mark Twain 《the Adventures of Tom Sawyer》.Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that suggested that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character.Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism,Naturalistic writers were influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.The fittest，the survival is the famous sentence in his The origin of species.Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption,prostitution, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for focusing too much on human vice and misery.Pessimism,detachment from the story,determinism and a surprising twist at the end of the story are the characteristics of literary naturalism.There tends to be in naturalist novels and stories a strong sense that nature is indifferent and hostile to human struggle.The term naturalism may have been used in this sense for the first time by Émile Zola.the main representatives of realism include Theodore Dreiser 《Sister Carrie》、Jack London《Martin Eden》Modernism has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America. In particular thedevelopment of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by the horror of World War I, were among the factors that shaped Modernism. Modernism also rejects the lingering certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.All the same innovations, like the stream-of-consciousness novel, had precursors in the 19th century.Modernism is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression, adhering to Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new".The modernist literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. famous romanticism writers are such as George Joyce：Araby and Ulysses、George Eliot《The Waste Land》When we talk about Pride and Prejudice, the famous sentence that “It is a truth universally, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is always the first thing came up to my mind. It can be the scripture of the whole fiction. the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.This book was written by Jane Austen，who was unmarried all her life.In this book she has vividly described five different kinds of loves and marriages by skillfully using irony and her witty and humorous lang uage. And the auther also asked us a question ,when we getmarried ,which should we consider :property,wealth and status or love? the author appreciate Darcy and Elizabeth‟s marriage.because it respected love.In the beginning, Elizabeth and Darcy were distant from each other because of Darcy‟s pride and Elizabeth …s prejudice. The series of events which they both experienced gave them the opportunity to understand one another and the time to reconcile their feelings for each other. Thus, their mutual understanding is the foundation of their relationship and will lead them to a peaceful and lasting marriage.The another example of a marriage is the marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins, their marriage totally depended on the position, money, and the background, not the love .Their marriage seemed to be necessary but not happy.Lucas has to tolerate her husband‟s strange and foolish behavior, and her only comfort was her big new house and rich material life. It was a common practice during Austen‟s time for women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security. However, Jane Austen viewed this as a type of prostitution and disapproved of it.Of course ,it‟s not just a love story ,the auther also used a funny way to criticized a social attitude---money and status are everything.She thinks it‟s wrong to get married just for property, wealth and status while neither would it be without caring about those elements.marriage should be regarded carefully cause it is not a game you could just enjoy withoutprudent consideration. She also wanted to deliver the information that marriage should be based on real love between the lovers.英国1、Shakespeare莎士比亚《sonnet》（十四行诗）2、Daniel Defoe笛福《Robinson Crusoe》（鲁滨孙漂流记）3、Jonathan Swift斯威福特《Gulliver‟s Travels》（格列佛游记）4、Jane Austen简•奥斯汀《Pride and Prejudice》（傲慢与偏见）5、Charles Dickens狄庚斯《Great Expectations》（远大前程）6、Thomas Hardy哈代《The Return of the Native》（还乡）《Tess of the D‟Urbervilles》（德伯家的苔丝）《Jude the Obscure》（无名的裘德）7、Bernard Shaw萧伯纳《Leather Marely Weng》（皮革马利翁）8、James Joyce乔伊斯《Ulysses》（尤利西斯）《Araby》（阿拉比）9、D•H•Laurence劳伦斯《The Rocking Horse Winner》（木马赢家）《Sons and Lovers》（儿子与情人）美国：1、William Faulkner福克纳《My Deathbed》（我弥留之际）2、Hemingway海鸣威《The Sun Also Rises》（太阳照常升起）3、George Eliot艾略特《The Waste Land》（荒原）4、F•Scott Fitzgerald 《The Great Gatsby》（了不起的盖茨比）5、Washington Irving欧文《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow》（睡谷传说）6、Mark Twain马克吐温《Tom Sawyer》（汤姆索亚历险记）《Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》（哈克贝利•费恩历险记》7、Theodore Dreiser西奥多•德莱赛《Sister Carrie》（嘉莉妹妹）8、Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑《The Scarlet Letter》（红字）9、Langston Hughes兰斯顿•休士（哈莱姆桂冠诗人）10、Harriet Beecher Stowe斯托夫人《Uncle Tom‟s Cabin》（汤姆叔叔的小屋）11、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫•艾里森《Invisible Man》（看不见的人）12、Alice Walker艾丽斯•沃克《The Color Purple》（紫色）13、Richard Wright赖特《Uncle Tom‟s Children》(汤姆叔叔的孩子们）《Native Son》（土生子）14、汤亭亭《The Woman Warrior》（女勇士）15、Amy Tan谭恩美《The Joy Luck Club》（喜福会）16、Tony Morrison托尼莫里森《Song of Solomon》（所罗门之歌）17、Benjamin Franklin富兰克林《Poor Richard‟s Afrr》（格言历书）18、Robert Frost罗伯特•弗罗斯特《Stopping by Words on a Snowy Evening》（雪夜林畔小驻）。