[改译] In 1944, U.S. flier O. Hinsdell, wounded on a mission, was rescued by our people in a guerilla area. He was later escorted to Yen-an, where he was received by Chairman Mao, vice-Chairman Zhou Enlai, C-in-C Zhu De and other leading comrades respectively. Hinsdell did not leave Yenan until the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression.
添加主语 读书可以增长知识。 *Reading books can acquire knowledge. Through reading one can acquire knowledge. 改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于实验。 We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned.
• 5. 英语倒装句多，汉语一般不存在倒装句； • 6. 英语句子的主语是以名词、名词短语或相当于 名词短语的结构表示，汉语句子的主语除名词和 名词性短语外，表时间的词语，表处所的词语， 动词性短语和形容词性短语都可以做主语； • 7. 英语句子的核心是动词，汉语句子则不仅动词 可以做谓语，形容词，主谓短语、名词性短语也 可以做谓语。
失如此严重，举国上下，展开与洪水的斗争是非常值得称赞的。
8）在抗洪斗争中，中国人民显示了令人叹服的守堤防洪的能力。 9）例如这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水 淹没地区的百姓迁走。10）事实上，差不多有数百万平民百姓 参加了这一人类巨大的斗争。译文
The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years. Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their homes. Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares, 3 percent of China’s total cropland. Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut. The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted. The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months. Despite the serious damage, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding, during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding. For example, 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded. Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.
主语在英汉两种语言中的功能不同，汉语不大强调主谓， 很多句子的主语是话题结构，看似主语，但严格上说只是 评述的话题。由于句子是话题结构，因此只要和评述的内
容在语义上有关，即使没有直接的逻辑关系和语法搭配关
系，任何内容、成分、词类都可处在主语位置上，可见汉 语对主语的要求非常松。但英语中的主语和谓语的关系一 定要有直接的逻辑关系和语法搭配关系，而且作为句子中 心，主语是必不可少的成分。
• 你的教学研究取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而 自满。 • You have made good progress in teaching and researching but you should guard against complacency. • 任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。 • Any emerging thing is bound to experience difficulties and setbacks before it reaches maturity.
1944年，美国飞行员奥· 欣斯德尔在执行任务中受了伤， 我们游击区人民营救了他。后来把他护送到延安。毛 主席、周恩来副主席、朱德总司令等领导同志都分别 接见过他。欣斯德尔在延安一直住到抗战胜利。
[原译] O. Hinsdell, a U.S flier, was wounded while flying a sortie in 1944. People in our guerilla area rescued him. Later they escorted him to Yan’an, and Chairman Mao, Vice-Chairman Zhou En-lai, Command-in-chief Zhu De and other leading comrades received Hinsdell. He had stayed in Yan’an till the victory of the anti-Japanese war was over.
• •
• 上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。 • A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital. • 大多数高校已将权力下放给系主任。 • In most colleges and universities, the decisionmaking rights have been given to the department head. • 有谣言说，明年年初要实行价格改革。 • Rumor has it that a price reform will be instituted at the beginning of next year.
非人称主语
汉语常以有生命的，具体的名词或代词作为句子的 主语，而英语注重客观事物对人的作用和影响，因 此无生命、抽象名词作主语远比汉语多。 由于计划不周，他不仅浪费了时间，而且浪费了所有钱。 Poor planning wasted all his money as well as his time. 那时我常常会被她的一个电话激动地心跳。 Just a phone call from her could often send me quivering with excitement.
连贯主语 • 英语中的连贯一致原则要求相邻的句子在结构上要 保持一致。 • 一天，父亲来封快信，上面说：“顷得汝岳丈电 报……” • One day an express letter came from his father. It read as follows: “I have just received a telegram from your father-in-law…” • 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下小苦功不可。 • The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
1）这次长江流域的水灾是44年来最严重的。2）官方的数字表
明已有2000多人死亡，1380万人被迫离开家园。3）占中国总 耕地面积3%的450万公顷的农作物被毁。4）工厂被迫停工，产 量受到影响。5）客运和货运也被迫中断。6）在未来的许多岁 月里，人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。7）尽管损
汉语与英语的句子结构比较 汉语的主语： 添加主语；信息主语；连 贯主语；搭配主语；非人称主语
谓语的选择
信息重心的确立
汉语与英语的句子结构比较 1. 英语句子结构重形合，汉语句子结构重意合；
2. 英语句子是树型结构，汉语句子是竹型结构；
3. 汉语基本句具有句首开放性和句尾收缩性或封 闭性，英语句子则相反； 4. 英语句子中名词与介词占优势，汉语句子中动 词占优势；
• 我父亲狂热地追求绘画，绘画已成了他生活的一
切，要比母亲，比他的孩子，甚至比他自己都更 为重要。 • For my father, painting was a governing passion. It came before Mother, before his children and
even before himself.
1）尽管嘴上说友谊，对运动员来说重要的仍然 是比赛成绩。2）得第一名获金牌，第四名什么
样也拿不到。3）任何ຫໍສະໝຸດ 获奥运冠军的人都得中断学业，牺牲自己业余时间。4）这一点常常是
观众没看到的。5）因此，运动员要求得到物质
奖励是可以理解的。
Despite lip service paid to friendship, what matters to
athletes is success. Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing. What the spectators sometimes fail to notice is that anyone who wants to become an Olympic champion has to break off his studies and has little spare time. It is therefore understandable that athletes want some tangible reward.