Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca2+ (10-20%)
T-tubular membrane Ca release channel (Ryanodine receptor) Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca channel
Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger 3Na+
– Underlying connectivity has such a strong impact on a system’s behavior that no approach to complex systems can succeed unless it exploits the network topology.

生物、生命

社会、经济

信息、技术
Complexity Research ——
Understanding and Engineering Emergence

微观行为和相互作用 ————宏观结构与功能
复杂系统的涌现性行为
系统科学

《1999科学发展报告》 系统科学是自然科学与社会科学的基础学 科。它关心涉及复杂系统性质和演化规律的基 本科学问题，试图通过对生命、生态、信息技 术、资源环境、社会经济等具体系统演化过程 中关键问题的研究，揭示复杂系统所具有的一 般性规律，研究复杂系统宏观层次上的涌现性 行为、系统性质和功能的智能控制等科学问题 ，并促进对具体系统的认识。
– Living Roadmap for Complex Systems Science 2006
UCLA SCOR in Sudden Cardiac Death
(1995-2005)
Project 1 - Chaos and
Cardiac Fibrillation
Project Leader: Alan Garfinkel, Ph.D. Faculty: Zhilin Qu,PhD Fagen Xie, PhD Boris Kogan, PhD James Weiss, MD Donald Walter,PhD Alan Karma, PhD (Northeastern) Steve Evans, MD (Einstein) Harold Hastings, PhD (Hofstra) Post-docs: Junzhong Yang, PhD Zengru Di, PhD Elizabeth Cherry, PhD Flavio Fenton, PhD Grad students: Drury Woodson Jong Kil
Extracellular space
Ca2+ (10-20%)
T-tubule membrane Ca release channel (Ryanodine receptor) Ca channel
Ca2+
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(80-90%)
SR Ca ATPase
Ca2+
Ventricular fibrillation
U.S.
• 220,000 sudden deaths annually in
Atrial fibrillation
• 6% of population over age 65
• 1/3 of all strokes over age 65 • doubled mortality rate
Project 3 - Metabolic Regulation Core A - Computer
of Cellular K Balance
Project Leader: James Weiss, MD Faculty: Scott John, PhD Bernard Ribalet, PhD Paavo Korge, PhD Post-docs: Kalyanam Shivkumar, MD, PhD David Cesario, MD Alan Garfinkel, PhD Scott Lamp, BS
欧洲宇航局，2010年7月6日
What is Life?
What is Life?

时间演化行为 时空有序结构和功能的涌现

主宰自然的基本规律： 牛顿力学及量子力学
d r F m 2 dt
2
ˆ i H t
时间反演不变 不存在时间箭头，物理过程都是可逆的
不可逆性
花儿1 花儿2
Complex Systems and Networks, SCIENCE VOL 325 24
JULY 2009

Revisiting the Foundations of Network Analysis Disentangling the Web of Life Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems Economic Networks Predicting the Behavor of Techno-Social Systems
Complex Systems—— Beyound Reductionism,
SCIENCE VOL 79, 2 Apirl 1999



Exploring the Systems of Life Building Working Cells ―in Silico‖ Complexity and the Economy Complexity and Climate Complexity and the Nervous System Complexity in Biological Signaling System Simple Lessons from Complexity
5、Design paradigms for artificial complex systems——人工系统
Unleashing the Power of Information for a Sustainable Future
国家中长期科学和技术发展 规划纲要

面向国家重大战略需求的基础研究 – （5）复杂系统、灾变形成及其预测控制
Project 2 - Reentrant Wavefronts in Ventricular Fibrillation
Project Leader: Post-docs: Chikaya Omichi, MD Peng-Sheng Chen MD Shengmei Zhou, MD Faculty: Moshe Swissa, MD Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, PhD Che-Ming Chang, MD Michael C. Fishbein, MD Hideki Hayashi, MD Lan S. Chen, MD Miguel Valderrabano, MD Shien-Fong (Marc) Lin, PhD Ali R. Hamzei, MD Yasushi Miyauchi, MD Yuji Okuyama, MD Akira Hamabe, MD Angela Park, MD Dave Kim, MD Bryan Wahl, MD Ajay Naik, MD Kelly Kim, MD
Living Roadmap for Complex Systems
to guide European Research on complex systems from 2007-2013

Ground Challenges
– on Natural Complex Systems – in the understanding and management of the Earth System – of Society in an Epoch of Globalization – in Design and the Sciences of the Artificial – Information Communication Technologies

bridges the gap
– between the individual and the collective – from psychology to sociology – from organism to ecosystems – from genes to protein networks – from atoms to materials – from the PC to the World Wide Web – from citizens to societies.
Fundamental Questions of Complex Systems Science

认识系统
– reconstructing and predicting multilevel behavior– from local to global

设计与控制系统
– the design, control and management of complex systems

重点研究工程、自然和社会经济复杂系统中微 观机理与宏观现象之间的关系，复杂系统中结 构形成的机理和演变规律、结构与系统行为的 关系，复杂系统运动规律，系统突变及其调控 等，研究复杂系统不同尺度行为之间的相关性 ，发展复杂系统的理论与方法等。
北京师范大学系统科学系
Complex Systems Science —the Essential 21st Century Science
1、Emergence in Natural Systems ——自然系统 2、Living Systems as Complex Systems ——理解生命 3、Complexity in Business, the Environment and Society——社会经济 4、The Internet and World Wide Web as Complex Systems——网络与技术