Lesson EightLoneliness... An American Malady孤独——一种美国症Carson McCullers卡森.麦克卡勒New wordsessentiallyquest, the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search. identity, the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity; individuality.Underline the keywords1 This city, New York -- consider the people in it, the eight million of us. An English friend of mine, when asked why he lived in New York City, said that he liked it here because he could be so alone. While it was my friend‘s desire to be alone, the aloneness of many Americans who live in cities is an involuntary and fearful thing. It has been said that loneliness is the great American malady. What is the nature of this loneliness? [开始定义] It would seem essentially to be a quest for identity.译文想想看，我们这个城市、纽约，有八百万人。
人家问我们的一个朋友，为什么住在纽约。
他说，他喜欢住在这，是因为能够与世隔绝，不受干扰。
他喜欢一个人住。
可是许多美国城里人，却不愿意孤独，他们怕孤独。
人家说，孤独是一种不得了的美国症。
孤独的本质是什么？它看来主要就是要寻求‘我是谁’的答案。
想想看，翻译不必重复原来的语序。
我是谁，翻译的“达”，是达意，而不是一字一字地直译，或硬译。
New wordsspectator, An observer of an eventamateur philosopher,ricochets, the act or an instance of rebounding at least once from a surface rejections,enduring,belong，infancy, the earliest period of childhoodbe obsessed by, compulsively preoccupieddual motives,crib, a bed with high sides for a young child or babywavering, exhibiting of irresolution or indecision; tentativepristine, of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition; primitive or originalUnderline the keywords2To the spectator, the amateur philosopher, no motive among the complex ricochets of our desires and rejections seems stronger or more enduring than the will of the individual to claim his identity and belong. From infancy to death, the human being is obsessed by these dual motives. During our first weeks of life, the question of identity shares urgency with the need for mild. The baby reaches for his toes [，] then explores the bars of his crib; again and again he compares the difference between his own body and the objects around him, and in the wavering, infant eyes there comes a pristine wonder.译文2对于一个观察者、一个业余哲学家，在所有的要和不要的复杂抉择中，再没有什么比要选择‘我是谁’还是选择和‘我属于谁’次数更多和更持久了。
一个人从生到死，总是被这两个问题困扰。
生命的头几个星期，‘我是谁’的问题就和要吃奶的问题一样紧急。
婴儿去抓他的脚趾、去探索婴儿床的栏杆，一遍又一遍地比较他的身体和他周围的物体的区别。
而这在幼小的试探性的眼中留下了最初的惊奇。
抓他的脚趾，注意原文的for 字。
试探性，注意词义的选择。
New wordsconsciousness,abstract problemprimitive grasp of identityconstantly shifting emphasismaturity,mutations, the act or process of being altered or changedreveal, to make known (something concealed or secret)Underline the keywords3 Consciousness of self is the first abstract problem that the human being solve s. Indeed, it is this self consciousness that removes us from lower animals. This primitive grasp of identity develops with constantly shifting emphasis through all our years. Perhaps maturity is simply the history of those mutations that reveal to the individual the relation between himself and the world in which he finds himself.译文3 认识自我，是人解决的第一个抽象问题。
不错，正是这自我意识，使我们区别于低一等的动物。
对‘我是谁’的最初理解，在人一生中不断发展，其重点也一直变化着。
大概成熟就是这些发展和变化的历史。
这历史向这个人揭示他和他知道的他所在世界的关系。
New wordsthe imperative need,separateness,Underline the keywords4 After the first establishment of identity there comes the imperative need to lose this new-found sense of separateness and to belong to something larger and more powerful than the weak, lonely self. The sense of moral isolation is intolerable to us.译文4 一旦确定了‘我是谁’，人们就迫切需要丢掉这刚刚找到的分离感，去从属于一个大于、强于这个较小和孤立的自我的某种东西。
这精神上的隔绝感，对我们简直是不能忍受的。
New wordsarticulates,universal need,Underline the keywords5 In The Member of the Wedding the lovely 12-year-old girl, Frankie Adams, articulates this universal need: "The trouble with me is that for along time I have just been an I person. All people belong to a We except me.Not to belong to a We makes you too lonesome."译文在《婚礼的成员》中佛兰克·艾德母斯，一个十二岁的可爱的小姑娘，道出了普遍的需求，“我的问题是，长期以来我都只是一个人。
别人都属于我们，而我没有份。
我不属于我们。
这让人感到太孤寂了。
”New wordsparadox, one exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects affirmation,motivate, to provide with an incentive; move to action; impelcasts out,togetherness,contentment, the state of being contented; satisfaction.haunting, continually recurring to the mind; unforgettablecharitable, mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient.Underline the keywords6 Love is the bridge that leads from the I sense to the We and there is a paradox about personal love. Love of another individual opens a new relation between the personality and the world. The lover responds in anew way to nature and may even write poetry. Love is affirmation; it motivates the yes responses and the sense of wider communication. Love casts out fear, and in the security of this togetherness we find contentment, courage. We no longer fear the age-old haunting question: "Who am I?" "Why am I?" "Where am I going?" -- and having cast out fear, we can be honest and charitable.译文6 爱是沟通我和我们这两种感觉的桥梁。